Amy Winehouse and Adele Contrast/ Comparison

Amy Winehouse and Adele are the two Englishwomen that have dominated   the UK music industry in the past few years and their impact on the global scene has made them equally memorable and inspiring. They stamped British music forever through their vintage looks but more so through their powerful voices and distinct genres. Winehouse and Adele are both white girls who owe a debt to black soul music.The distinction between them is emphasized more so through their best works, the albums ( Winehouse's † Back to Black† and Adele's † 19†³) that forever transitioned them from London's Brit art school performers(where they were alumni)to successful artists. Without a doubt, the albums these artists created are considered great achievements of our era and the most complex masterpieces of our time. They reflect these ladies' heartbreak due to failed relationships through a mesmerizing but rich sound topped by a distinct musical and lyrical style.Adele's album is simple and clean, less menacing whereas Amy's is a little slight more edgy and memorable. The album â€Å"19† encompasses a bright acoustic-guitar chime, with a lullaby twinkle of plush strings and Adele's mesmerizing  singing tone, honest lyrics, jazz and soul influences evokes Amy's. Adele's delivery is accomplished through a more delicate bluesy tone whereas Amy's is represented by a brick house jazzy expressiveness far beyond our time. Adele is simpler lyrically and occasionally even soppy and somehow redundant lyrically, she doesn't have the mature poetic heritage that Amy does.Talented writers and composers these two muses beautifully show through their lyrics a deep attachment to the lost love and the disappointments that follow its course. â€Å"Back to Black† sounds emotionally and musically true. All eleven songs seem like great lost classics from the 60s : â€Å"Rehab†Ã‚  has many shades of Motown and contemporary twists, â€Å"Me and Mr. Jones† be longs to the swing era of the 60s and   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Loving Is A Losing Game† is a stunning soul ballad with a vintage finish.Winehouse's songs are snappily written with a mix of bitterly caustic lyrics and finger popping tunes, then delivered in a voice that alternates sexy smouldering with dismissive contempt. In the song  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You know I'm No Good†, she's unapologetic about her unfaithfulness but she can also be witty, as on â€Å"Me & Mrs Jones† when she berates a boyfriend with â€Å"You made me miss the Slick Rick gig†. Some will find Adele rigidly old-fashioned with influences (Etta James, Billie Holiday) from another age and her album truly shows that forgotten era.Amy's   influence of girl groups from the 50s   and early 60s is plain: plinky keyboards, parpy brass, trebly guitar. A cursory listen to† 19†³may lead us to conclude that Adele has not just a voice but an appearance way in excess of her years. The same can be said about Wi nehouse except she's   more daring not just appearance wise but vocally and   lyrically as well and through her writings she evokes more depth. The music poures out of Amy a stream of weathered, seasoned phrases, seemingly without effort and â€Å"Back to Black†, is a more soulful and stripped album than Adele's.Strong one moment then fragile the next, † 19†³   is an album that is dominated by highlights dripping with beauty and class. On the other hand   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Back to Black† is flawless and classic and represents the artist's true masterpiece. It's not that â€Å"Back to Black† is better as an overall album but besides being a door opener for many artists its appearance  on the British scene was necessary so we can have Adele's â€Å"19†. British singer Adele has credited Winehouse's success in the USA and more so for making her journey smoother. Winehouse reacquainted an audience with a long forgotten genre by overcoming the vintage aspect.After the release of â€Å"Back to Black†, record companies sought out artists with a similar sound but also fearless and experimental female musicians. Winehouse revitalized   British music forever and influenced British female artists like Adele, Duffy, Emeli   Sande, Misha B. , Jessie J. , Paloma Faith and Florence Welch. These musicians can all be traced back to Winehouse in terms of attitude, musical styles and fashion. Adele's voice caresses and inspires and she sings with unabashed passion about a kind of pain we can all recognize.Amy's voice on the other side is full of soul and characterized by a sultry sound and she delivers amazingly strong and timeless performances that once heard can never be forgotten. Songs like † Me and Mr. Jones† and â€Å"Tears Dry On Their Own† really show her capability to seamlessly go from soul to jazz and back to soul all the while evoking that spirit that is essential in emphasizing her sophisticated and thrilling musical style. Different as they seem – in the way they evolved musically and vocally- these two divas have much in common.Under everything else they both achieved success at an early age through their mutual passion for music and their indisputable talent. Their originality and soulful mannerism is clearly evoked in their albums. Amy and Adele didn't just pave the road for new British artists but have beautifully   reinstated   love as a main theme of our musical era through their deep songs. Two Grammy winners, with retro contemporary sounds they had forever changed people's   outlook on music and will remain the most acclaimed musical game changers of our century. Amy Winehouse and Adele Contrast/ Comparison Amy Winehouse and Adele are the two Englishwomen that have dominated   the UK music industry in the past few years and their impact on the global scene has made them equally memorable and inspiring. They stamped British music forever through their vintage looks but more so through their powerful voices and distinct genres. Winehouse and Adele are both white girls who owe a debt to black soul music.The distinction between them is emphasized more so through their best works, the albums ( Winehouse's † Back to Black† and Adele's † 19†³) that forever transitioned them from London's Brit art school performers(where they were alumni)to successful artists. Without a doubt, the albums these artists created are considered great achievements of our era and the most complex masterpieces of our time. They reflect these ladies' heartbreak due to failed relationships through a mesmerizing but rich sound topped by a distinct musical and lyrical style.Adele's album is simple and clean, less menacing whereas Amy's is a little slight more edgy and memorable. The album â€Å"19† encompasses a bright acoustic-guitar chime, with a lullaby twinkle of plush strings and Adele's mesmerizing  singing tone, honest lyrics, jazz and soul influences evokes Amy's. Adele's delivery is accomplished through a more delicate bluesy tone whereas Amy's is represented by a brick house jazzy expressiveness far beyond our time. Adele is simpler lyrically and occasionally even soppy and somehow redundant lyrically, she doesn't have the mature poetic heritage that Amy does.Talented writers and composers these two muses beautifully show through their lyrics a deep attachment to the lost love and the disappointments that follow its course. â€Å"Back to Black† sounds emotionally and musically true. All eleven songs seem like great lost classics from the 60s : â€Å"Rehab†Ã‚  has many shades of Motown and contemporary twists, â€Å"Me and Mr. Jones† be longs to the swing era of the 60s and   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Loving Is A Losing Game† is a stunning soul ballad with a vintage finish.Winehouse's songs are snappily written with a mix of bitterly caustic lyrics and finger popping tunes, then delivered in a voice that alternates sexy smouldering with dismissive contempt. In the song  Ã¢â‚¬Å"You know I'm No Good†, she's unapologetic about her unfaithfulness but she can also be witty, as on â€Å"Me & Mrs Jones† when she berates a boyfriend with â€Å"You made me miss the Slick Rick gig†. Some will find Adele rigidly old-fashioned with influences (Etta James, Billie Holiday) from another age and her album truly shows that forgotten era.Amy's   influence of girl groups from the 50s   and early 60s is plain: plinky keyboards, parpy brass, trebly guitar. A cursory listen to† 19†³may lead us to conclude that Adele has not just a voice but an appearance way in excess of her years. The same can be said about Wi nehouse except she's   more daring not just appearance wise but vocally and   lyrically as well and through her writings she evokes more depth. The music poures out of Amy a stream of weathered, seasoned phrases, seemingly without effort and â€Å"Back to Black†, is a more soulful and stripped album than Adele's.Strong one moment then fragile the next, † 19†³   is an album that is dominated by highlights dripping with beauty and class. On the other hand   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Back to Black† is flawless and classic and represents the artist's true masterpiece. It's not that â€Å"Back to Black† is better as an overall album but besides being a door opener for many artists its appearance  on the British scene was necessary so we can have Adele's â€Å"19†. British singer Adele has credited Winehouse's success in the USA and more so for making her journey smoother. Winehouse reacquainted an audience with a long forgotten genre by overcoming the vintage aspect.After the release of â€Å"Back to Black†, record companies sought out artists with a similar sound but also fearless and experimental female musicians. Winehouse revitalized   British music forever and influenced British female artists like Adele, Duffy, Emeli   Sande, Misha B. , Jessie J. , Paloma Faith and Florence Welch. These musicians can all be traced back to Winehouse in terms of attitude, musical styles and fashion. Adele's voice caresses and inspires and she sings with unabashed passion about a kind of pain we can all recognize.Amy's voice on the other side is full of soul and characterized by a sultry sound and she delivers amazingly strong and timeless performances that once heard can never be forgotten. Songs like † Me and Mr. Jones† and â€Å"Tears Dry On Their Own† really show her capability to seamlessly go from soul to jazz and back to soul all the while evoking that spirit that is essential in emphasizing her sophisticated and thrilling musical style. Different as they seem – in the way they evolved musically and vocally- these two divas have much in common.Under everything else they both achieved success at an early age through their mutual passion for music and their indisputable talent. Their originality and soulful mannerism is clearly evoked in their albums. Amy and Adele didn't just pave the road for new British artists but have beautifully   reinstated   love as a main theme of our musical era through their deep songs. Two Grammy winners, with retro contemporary sounds they had forever changed people's   outlook on music and will remain the most acclaimed musical game changers of our century.

Chinas Ancient Dynastys

The government in ancient China was established by Dynasties. Dynasties were mostly a sequence of rulers or emperors from the same family. As I said, a Dynasty was ruled by an emperor. This emperor had total control of the land and would make all the final decisions. Some of the most popular Dynasties in china were: †¢Xia Dynasty About 1994 BCE – 1766 BCE †¢Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE – 1027 BCE †¢Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE (skipped because Celeste did it) †¢Qin Dynasty 221 BCE – 206 BCE (skipped because Celeste did it) †¢ Han Dynasty 25 AD – 220 AD †¢Sui Dynasty 589 AD – 618 AD Ming Dynasty 1368 AD – 1644 AD †¢ Qing Dynasty 1644 AD – 1912 AD The Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in the history of China. There is no real archeologal evidence of this dynasty but it is said to be that the Xia ruler was overthrown when he started mistreating his people. The first real evidence found was of the Shang Dynas ty. This dynasty mainly ruled the northern part of china, it was based a lot on agriculture like; millet, wheat, and barley were the primary crops grown. In addition to the crops, silkworms, pigs, dogs, sheep, and oxen were raised.Apart from this the Shang Dynasty also had a lot of income from metallurgy. Some things like bronze ships, weapons, and tools were found from that time. This dynasty was a society where the kind ruled over military forces. This was called an aristocratic class. Under this class came the priest class. The priests were mainly in charge of religion but also keeping records for the government! The religion in this dynasty was based on a worship of many gods, there were many gods but the main god was known as Shang Ti, the lord on high.The fall of the Shang dynasty was much like the Xia dynasty except the ruler wasn’t overthrown but killed by another smaller kingdom. After the civil war China had, which lead to the death of the leader Qin Shihuangdi, chi na was reunited by the rule of the Han dynasty. This dynasty is divided into two main times, the Western/Former Han (206 BC- 9AD) and the eastern/later Han (25-220 AD). The rules and the boundaries that the Qin dynasty put and then reinforced by the Han have shaped up Chinese culture.An example of this is the Western Han Capital, Chang’an, which in present day is called Shaanxi Province. It is a monumental urban center with places, residential wards, and two loud and big market areas. This Dynasty was where they established Confucianism. It was officially chosen over Legalism. After this Dynasty came the Sui dynasty. Under this Dynasty china was brought together again. This dynasty only lasted about 8 years, but there were a lot of things going on during this time. The Sui dynasty introduced china to new religions, such as Taoism and Buddhism.They weren’t official but people started to take notice in them. The one that people found most interesting was Buddhism, people valued it a lot. Another thing that happened, the Great Wall was repaired, and a canal system was built through china. The canal today is The Gran Canal. The Sui dynasty fell because of losses in the South Manchuria and Northern Korea. Once they were defeated rebels started taking over. Chu Yuan-Chang was the first guy to re gain control power over china since the Mongols had been ruling. This was when the Ming dynasty started.The Ming focused a lot on literature, schools, and justice systems. Apart from this they improved the Great Wall and the Grand Canal again! As they did so they divided china into 15 provinces, in each province there were 3 commissionaires. One commissioner was in charge of all the finances, another one was for military orders, and the last one was judicial matters. Eventually the financial commissioner got someone who ruled over him and supervised everything was going good. Over time the Ming dynasty got stronger and started spreading.They started taking over non Chinese lands and eventually defeated the Mongol tribe. Chinas army became so strong that over the first quarter of the 15th century China had influenced many places such as South Asia, India, and even Madagascar! After a period of time the Ming started to grow weak, so weak that the Dynasty couldn’t provide food for its people. This caused a rebellion from the population, the Manchurians saw this as a way in and offered help against the rebellions. Once the rebels were out, Manchurians refused to leave. Since the Ming was so weak, it had to move south.Like most previous invaders that came to China, they adapted pretty fast to this culture. The government was based on the Ming Dynasties government. Although it was based on the Ming, it was more centralized. There was a new institution called the Gran Council, it had both a Manchurian and a Chinese leader. The Grand Council would check and authorize political and military affairs that were lead by the emperor. Even after all this time the Ming had not given up yet and had kept fighting back but eventually; by the end of the 17 century the Manchurians finished them.The Manchurians became so powerful they controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinxiang, and Tibet! Because of this other countries began to see China as a super power since it was controlled by Manchurians. During the population replaced/superseded the economic growth. Due to this the economy started to go down and decline. Because of this and because of foreign expansion the government funds were gone! They had used them all up. They had nothing left so they had to give into trading with the West. Their main trading partners were the French, the US, and the British.The British obviously wanted to gain a lot from trading with China so they started integrating Indian opium in their trades. This made Chinas silver reserves depleted. Apart from this there were still a few people who believed in the Han Dynasty who resented the Manchurians, which ca used a rebellion. Apart from this Manchurians became a way of imperial which causes even more rebellions. And especially once Western ideas started influencing in china people started adapting to them and this brought then Qing dynasty to an end.

Compare-Contrast

Compare-Contrast This paper is on compare-contrast of two advertisements dealing with two beauty products. One will be targeted towards men, while the other will be targeted towards women. The two beauty products advertisements that will be compared and contrast are the Axe Body Spray advertisement (18-19) and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement (Bath and Body Works). Both advertisements use different marketing promotions technique to try to get the attention and win over their target audience.The manufacturers know in order to get the audience attention it has to rely on several demands of the audience; one of them is the sex appeal their products bring to the table, because that’s what evidently moves the product off the shelves. The manufacturers also try to impress the audience by using the passion, credibility, and the traditional demands that they need to sell their products. The Axe Body Spray advertisement is more effective than the Victoriaâ€⠄¢s Secret fragrance mist advertisement because of its emotions, authority, and cultural appeal.The Axe Body Spray advertisement shows the emotion and excitement women are looking for. Women will demand more passionate fragrance giving women satisfying. The Axe Body Spray advertisement uses several more exciting colors than the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement which uses only feminine colors. Women like more passion and exciting colors, making Axe Body Spray advertisement more interesting and appealing. By using those specific colors the Axe Body Spray advertisement is telling the audience that with intense and exciting colors the consumer will get what he or she wants and desires.While the Axe Body Spray advertisement shows a more emotional and exciting look, Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement shows a more sexy and feminine look. The Victoria’s Secret advertisement adds a different flavor by only showing a simple but effective pink col or which represents a fresh and glowing appearance. By using their worldwide known brand name, the Victoria’s Secret advertisement doesn’t have to be complex to draw the interest of their audience.Victoria’s Secret has a history of producing the highest quality products and remains very effective to continue to provide supply and demand, keeping the consumers content. When looking at the Axe Body Spray advertisement and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement, Axe Body Spray advertisement shows more of an intense and extreme look. It has a look women seem to enjoy and appreciate by showing a new different look. It also catches the audience’s attention by adding a curve and a twist, presenting a more masculine appearance.By adding a curve and a twist, the advertisement is able to tell the audience what direction the advertisement wants them to go. The Axe Body Spray advertisement presents the control it has when using the right special ef fects. Victoria’s Secret advertisement already has the authority and credibility created history by it’s that has attracted the younger through mid-age generation. The perception that the advertisement has given is a sense of that the fragrance are fresh, simple and sexy.The Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement also shows it is dependable and effective in its ability to attract their target audience by getting their attention through a wide range of fragrances. There is a cultural belief that all males Body Spray such as Axes’ always have a strong and masculine fragrance. Axe Body Spray has always tried to impress women with their fragrance, despite the opinion that all body spray has a strong and masculine fragrance. Well, that’s not always the case.Axe Body Spray now has some fragrances that have a more desirable fragrance for women. In which Axe Body Spray uses more sweet smelling fragrances, making the fragrances more appealing to wom en. Traditionally, what the female audience is looking for is a variety of fragrances that are sexy, feminine, and fresh and at the same time appealing to men. Once again, the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement shows there are a large variety of fragrances to choose from, proving it provides supply and demand, what their audience are looking for.With the advertisement showing several different fragrances it gives it a more of a selective look to see if there is any fragrance that might appeal to the audience, which makes it a more marketable product. With both beauty products advertisements targeting their audience, sex appeal continues to grab the attention of the audience and that’s what sells the product. Advertisers have to be careful not to put too much sex appeal into their advertisements or their message on their product will be overlooked.By using sex appeal appropriated and not over doing it will easily benefited the manufacture. Axe has commercial s showing women who are running after men wearing Axe Body Spray. Victoria’s Secret has commercials showing beautiful women wearing sexy lingerie and using their fragrance mist. The Axe Body Spray and the Victoria’s Secret advertisements aren’t showing muscular men or sexy lingerie wearing women, but just by their presentation layout and their worldwide brand name gives the audience a very good idea what the manufacture is trying to sell and gets to the point consumers are looking for.In conclusion, we all can make the argument that Victoria’s Secret is a worldwide known name brand that’s been around for years and Axe Body Spray which seem like it is just now getting started. Both advertisements make it clear that it’s very important for each person to feel at ease and comfortable when he or she steps out of their home and into the world, to feel that he or she can overcome whatever lies ahead. The audience can feel more comfortable and they don’t have to worry about putting out an unpleasant scent when they are not using one of their body sprays.The strategies between the two advertisements, the Axe Body Spray and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist differ from the standpoint of the target audience and the viewpoints that are offered. While the Axe Body Spray advertisement used advance technologies and modern promotion techniques directed to the strong and masculine audience, Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement addressed the younger through mid-age generation stressing a more simply but sexy appeal.The Axe Body Spray advertisement is shows to be more effective than the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement because of its emotions it is trying to express, authority, and the cultural appeal. Work Cited Axe Twist Body Spray. advertisement. Rolling Stone. June 2010: 18-19. Print Bath and Body Works. â€Å"Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist. † bathandbodyworks. c om. Bath and Body Works, Inc. 2012. Web. 22 May 2012. Compare-Contrast Compare-Contrast This paper is on compare-contrast of two advertisements dealing with two beauty products. One will be targeted towards men, while the other will be targeted towards women. The two beauty products advertisements that will be compared and contrast are the Axe Body Spray advertisement (18-19) and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement (Bath and Body Works). Both advertisements use different marketing promotions technique to try to get the attention and win over their target audience.The manufacturers know in order to get the audience attention it has to rely on several demands of the audience; one of them is the sex appeal their products bring to the table, because that’s what evidently moves the product off the shelves. The manufacturers also try to impress the audience by using the passion, credibility, and the traditional demands that they need to sell their products. The Axe Body Spray advertisement is more effective than the Victoriaâ€⠄¢s Secret fragrance mist advertisement because of its emotions, authority, and cultural appeal.The Axe Body Spray advertisement shows the emotion and excitement women are looking for. Women will demand more passionate fragrance giving women satisfying. The Axe Body Spray advertisement uses several more exciting colors than the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement which uses only feminine colors. Women like more passion and exciting colors, making Axe Body Spray advertisement more interesting and appealing. By using those specific colors the Axe Body Spray advertisement is telling the audience that with intense and exciting colors the consumer will get what he or she wants and desires.While the Axe Body Spray advertisement shows a more emotional and exciting look, Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement shows a more sexy and feminine look. The Victoria’s Secret advertisement adds a different flavor by only showing a simple but effective pink col or which represents a fresh and glowing appearance. By using their worldwide known brand name, the Victoria’s Secret advertisement doesn’t have to be complex to draw the interest of their audience.Victoria’s Secret has a history of producing the highest quality products and remains very effective to continue to provide supply and demand, keeping the consumers content. When looking at the Axe Body Spray advertisement and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement, Axe Body Spray advertisement shows more of an intense and extreme look. It has a look women seem to enjoy and appreciate by showing a new different look. It also catches the audience’s attention by adding a curve and a twist, presenting a more masculine appearance.By adding a curve and a twist, the advertisement is able to tell the audience what direction the advertisement wants them to go. The Axe Body Spray advertisement presents the control it has when using the right special ef fects. Victoria’s Secret advertisement already has the authority and credibility created history by it’s that has attracted the younger through mid-age generation. The perception that the advertisement has given is a sense of that the fragrance are fresh, simple and sexy.The Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement also shows it is dependable and effective in its ability to attract their target audience by getting their attention through a wide range of fragrances. There is a cultural belief that all males Body Spray such as Axes’ always have a strong and masculine fragrance. Axe Body Spray has always tried to impress women with their fragrance, despite the opinion that all body spray has a strong and masculine fragrance. Well, that’s not always the case.Axe Body Spray now has some fragrances that have a more desirable fragrance for women. In which Axe Body Spray uses more sweet smelling fragrances, making the fragrances more appealing to wom en. Traditionally, what the female audience is looking for is a variety of fragrances that are sexy, feminine, and fresh and at the same time appealing to men. Once again, the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement shows there are a large variety of fragrances to choose from, proving it provides supply and demand, what their audience are looking for.With the advertisement showing several different fragrances it gives it a more of a selective look to see if there is any fragrance that might appeal to the audience, which makes it a more marketable product. With both beauty products advertisements targeting their audience, sex appeal continues to grab the attention of the audience and that’s what sells the product. Advertisers have to be careful not to put too much sex appeal into their advertisements or their message on their product will be overlooked.By using sex appeal appropriated and not over doing it will easily benefited the manufacture. Axe has commercial s showing women who are running after men wearing Axe Body Spray. Victoria’s Secret has commercials showing beautiful women wearing sexy lingerie and using their fragrance mist. The Axe Body Spray and the Victoria’s Secret advertisements aren’t showing muscular men or sexy lingerie wearing women, but just by their presentation layout and their worldwide brand name gives the audience a very good idea what the manufacture is trying to sell and gets to the point consumers are looking for.In conclusion, we all can make the argument that Victoria’s Secret is a worldwide known name brand that’s been around for years and Axe Body Spray which seem like it is just now getting started. Both advertisements make it clear that it’s very important for each person to feel at ease and comfortable when he or she steps out of their home and into the world, to feel that he or she can overcome whatever lies ahead. The audience can feel more comfortable and they don’t have to worry about putting out an unpleasant scent when they are not using one of their body sprays.The strategies between the two advertisements, the Axe Body Spray and the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist differ from the standpoint of the target audience and the viewpoints that are offered. While the Axe Body Spray advertisement used advance technologies and modern promotion techniques directed to the strong and masculine audience, Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement addressed the younger through mid-age generation stressing a more simply but sexy appeal.The Axe Body Spray advertisement is shows to be more effective than the Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist advertisement because of its emotions it is trying to express, authority, and the cultural appeal. Work Cited Axe Twist Body Spray. advertisement. Rolling Stone. June 2010: 18-19. Print Bath and Body Works. â€Å"Victoria’s Secret fragrance mist. † bathandbodyworks. c om. Bath and Body Works, Inc. 2012. Web. 22 May 2012.

The Debilitating Effect of Hierarchical Structures on Those With and Essay

The Debilitating Effect of Hierarchical Structures on Those With and Without Power Then and Now - Essay Example In various forms, hierarchy gives rise to leaders or a handful of principal individuals in a group, which naturally occurs from interactions. Magee and Galinsky (3) discuss the definition and behavior of a hierarchical structure: Resources are unequally distributed across individuals and groups, and positions and roles are granted different amounts of sources of power, which are conferred upon the individuals who occupy them. Like both human and non-human primate societies more generally, most, if not all, organizations have a stratified structure, a pyramid shape with fewer people at the top than at the bottom. Even when one considers the heterogeneity of organizational forms and organizational practices and cultures that are intended to dodge or suppress hierarchy, what is most noticeable is that hierarchy relentlessly rises up against these pressures. Most importantly, hierarchy is a naturally-forming phenomenon that is always present in various forms across all societies in the w orld. It inescapably develops between and within groups even when some organizations reduce the effect of its structure by adopting alternative models of shaping an organization (Leavitt 42). Social hierarchy in organizations is defined as â€Å"an implicit or explicit rank order of individuals or groups with respect to a valued social dimension† (Magee and Galinsky 5). ... 930). Hierarchies create power and control to individuals of the higher rank that hold greater ability, skills and motivation to complete certain tasks within a group. In formal hierarchy, the differentiated structure is constant but passive since changing the assembly of ranks is difficult and borderline unreasonable. On the other hand, the organizational structure in informal hierarchy is weak and conditional because the hierarchical differentiation is only done on short interaction based on stereotype-based expectations (Magee and Galinsky 7). Over the years, hierarchical structures faded and developed a debilitating effect to those members of groups and organizations that possess power and to those who lack one. This gradual weakening of hierarchy will be discussed by exploring the literary pieces, â€Å"The Use of Force† by William Carlos William, â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† by Robert Hayden, and â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke. William Car los William’s famous short story, â€Å"The Use of Force† presents the application of physical superiority of a person with power to others who have none. In the story, a doctor is shown to diagnose a sick child whom they suspect of having the deadly disease diphtheria. The doctor needed to get a throat culture in the mouth of the child in order to examine the cause of the illness correctly, however the stubbornness of the child and the passive authority of the parents made the process harder to execute. The doctor appeared to be compassionate at first, addressing an open mind to the expressed fear of the child in being examined, and at the reluctance of the parents to accommodate a stranger like him into their home. But as the child becomes more

Customer Care as a Tool for Accelerated Public Health Care Thesis

Customer Care as a Tool for Accelerated Public Health Care - Thesis Example From this discussio it is clear that  the government of Ghana takes full responsibility in management of the public facilities (including the public institutional health facilities) through financial services as well as the general management practices. It is in this understanding that this research is framed aimed at understanding service delivery by institutional based health facilities with special attention to the university hospitals. Though there are various university hospitals in operation within the country under the public domain, this research is directed towards specifically three-university hospital for ease of efficiency and convenience. Special focus is directed towards types and levels of the customer services that are offered within these institutions, which are not restricted towards the students only but are rather open and accessible by all the public.  As the study stresses  in Ghana, the classification of hospitals comes in different categories. Commonly t hough, it is likely to have a generalized classification such as government hospitals, private hospitals, institutional hospitals and mission hospitals. University hospitals are often placed under institutional hospitals and regardless of the fact that these university hospitals may be government assisted in terms of finances, their main administrative care is left in the hands of the university authorities.  

Groups and Teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Groups and Teamwork - Essay Example Virtual teams are those in which team members are physically scattered and these teams perform their activities or tasks such as communicating and collaborating, information sharing, monitoring etc with the use of technology such as internet, email, telephone, video conferencing etc. Roles refer to individuals’ responsibilities based on their position, whereas norms are those principles that need to be followed by everyone in the organization. Norms are formed informally and guide the right behavior and attitude among employees; sometimes norms are framed in order to help the organization sustain. Norms guide the right behavior and avoid embarrassing situations for employees and the organization. Norms also play a critical role in clarifying organizational values. Managers can build trust through effective communication with their subordinates, providing support whenever required, respect every individual and treat all employees in a fair and justifiable manner. The five stages of Tuckman’s theory of group development include forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning stages. In forming stage, the group members come together and display behaviors that are typically acceptable by other group members. In storming stage, group members start expressing different ideas; identify what problems need to be solved; how each one can function independently by identifying their limits and also testing each other. In norming stage, group members tend to identify and agree upon common and acceptable norms related to power and authority; team members develop responsibility and aim to achieve the goals. In the performing stage, individuals start accomplishing the tasks by fulfilling their responsibilities; members are competent and confident to move ahead; members develop strong communication and cooperation during this stage. Lastly, the adjourning stage involves completion of the task

How technology can affect the movie buessines in the future Essay - 1

How technology can affect the movie buessines in the future - Essay Example The movie industry has always supported and promoted new technological advancements even back in 1920’s when sound was first incorporated in a movie. (1) Digital revolution will be the landmark development made in the history of home entertainment. One of the best technological improvements made in the movie business is digital technology. The biggest transition in the movie industry is the evolution of digital technology. Digital technology is considered to be the revolution in every field of the film industry. One of the most important advantages of digital revolution is allowing people to download movies at any time through the internet broadband. Digital cinema provides clarity, high quality experience and greater flexibility in programming the details. Digital film making required the theaters to also adopt digital technology which would enhance the quality of film, provide the best visuals while being cost effective. (2) Audio programming, post production and exhibition continue to be digital and there is rapid progression towards digital technology in the movie industry. Visual effects, editing are also predominantly handled by digital technology. One can expect the actual film making process to become completely digitalized in the coming years .Moviemakers would be able to create movies and sell and distribute them on the internet. (2) Many movie directors and producers fear that the new technology can be a threat as people will easily download movies even before they are released rather than going to theaters.The movie and audio industry has already been negatively affected in the last few years. Since more people are listening to MP3’s and other digital formats, the use of CD’s are seldom and cassettes no longer used. The impact is more for the audio industry as music is downloaded free from many websites. With the introduction of Blu Ray technology, people can download movies and can watch them in excellent sound

E-marketing in UK Private Hospitals Dissertation

E-marketing in UK Private Hospitals - Dissertation Example This research will aim on providing an insight about application of e-marketing in the healthcare sector of UK. In present days, internet has become one of the major trends in business and is being used widely in several sectors. Internet not only offers free exchange of information, but is also emerging as one of the dominant networks for business marketing. In the current era, internet facilities are observed to deliver various new opportunities for businesses, especially in terms of marketing communication. The online consumers can enjoy ranges of products or services in more reasonable prices and in more convenient manner. Today, E-marketing gives consumers an opportunity to gather information and choose the right product or services at the right time. Therefore, several new entrepreneurs as well as existing small and medium size enterprises are nowadays exploring the e-marketing services in order to improve their business operations and discover the new business opportunities. I n service sector such as health care industry, financial establishments, hospitality and tourism industry are now using the e-marking extensively. The use of internet for collecting information has already become much significant in healthcare sector and will probably become more vital in upcoming days. The extensive Information and Communication Technology (ICT) movement reveals changing demands on the healthcare industry with societal transformation, with rising life anticipation, with shifting form of illness, and with altering scientific competencies (Marrow, n.d.). In present days, the e-marketing, in hospitals of UK had observed impressive growth. Several hospitals in the UK have initiated ICT in order to cope up with other businesses. The consumers are becoming ever more comfortable with uses of internet technology and are also purchasing ranges of products and services through it. Likewise, huge numbers of consumers are using internet in order to gain information about medic al and health (Sanchez, 2000). In contrast with other organisations, hospitals in UK are experiencing a rapid knowledge about using ICT. Traditionally, the use of internet as marketing in the healthcare industry was limited due to lack of knowledge about its advantages. Though these limitations have not ended yet, but hospitals in UK are now becoming more open-minded and conscious about the possible paybacks they can gain by using internet as marketing tool. Besides, implementation of internet as marketing in other industry had also contributed to this trend in hospital organisations. Even though for small organisations are unable to bear the expense of using E-marketing, but several large hospitals in the UK have recognised that the benefit for this expense are great once made-up. Similarly, several private hospitals are developing good websites which can increase brand awareness, raise productivities and also to some extent save cost in other extents of business (Sanchez, 2000). 1 .2. Problem Statement Presently, the healthcare industry is witnessing enormous challenges because of continuous increase in public demands. Private hospitals are under great stress of continuous improvement of services to the rising patients, habitually with insufficient funds. The hospitals are much cognisant about using e-marketing compared to other industries. However, the enormous challenges of hospitals relate to better productivity to exploit inadequate funds and

Disaster preparedness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disaster preparedness - Essay Example FEMA has reported that most people are either trapped in buildings or homes without a way out because the earthquake has caused the doors and windows to either jam or be blocked and therefore cannot be opened from the inside. Emergency Services are unable to get to the disaster areas due to the severe road conditions that involve open gap roads and landslides. The public is in a state of near panic and hysteria because the normal avenues of communication such as the internet, mobile phones, and landlines have been taken out by the disaster causing local calls to be cut off. 2. Identify the detailed events for your scenario. In the event of an earthquake disaster, the likes of which Japan has just seen, FEMA would involve the state and local officials of the affected areas, as well as the following agencies in their rescue efforts: a. Emergency Services b. Fire Department c. Public Works d. Red Cross e. Public Schools Immediately after the quake, the USGS will release information rega rding the intensity of the quake to FEMA. This will serve as the basis for their action plan and priority actions to be undertaken. As FEMA awaits this news, the agency is already coordinating with local and national emergency services units and readying them for dispatch to affected areas.

Why organizations changes as well as why they fail to change Thesis

Why organizations changes as well as why they fail to change - Thesis Example ent 52 Secondary Research 52 Interview 55 Types of research format 59 Structured format 59 Semi-structured format: 60 Unstructured format 60 Survey 61 Likert Scale 63 Data gathering procedure 65 Quantitative data gathering 66 Qualitative data gathering 68 Secondary data gathering 68 Online Interview data gathering 69 Statistical Treatment of data 71 Ethical Concern 73 Secondary Analysis and Discussion: 75 Secondary analysis 75 Discussion: 80 Results and Analysis 94 Questionnaire Analysis: 94 Analysis of the Interviews: 119 Conclusion and Recommendations: 127 Summary of Findings: 127 Limitations 130 Recommendations for further research 132 References 133 Appendix 141 Introduction: â€Å"There has been increasing research on organizational change that seeks to explain both why organizations changes as well as why they fail to change†. Most theories and literatures have been published between 1960s and 1980s. The dual authority in matrix organization has become as a controversial application and a big argument between pros and cons around the world. The main arguments and theories of dual authority in matrix structure have appeared since 1962 and until current days. The following studies show different views and perspectives between some authors and researchers which indicate that dual authority can be a real concern in the organization structure. Therefore I have selected the main arguments and studies which most of them still exist until now.   1- The book â€Å" MATRIX MANAGEMENT SYSTEM HANDBOOK† â€Å"1984   The author â€Å"David Cleland, professor of engineering management, Pennsylvania†Ã‚   Although the book was published before more than twenty years, I have found two critical points about implementing the dual authority in matrix organizations, one of them still take place in many books and many studies but without making sure of its validity   1. Under designing matrix structure and implementing the dual design, the author bel ieves that â€Å"the more differentiated the organizational unit, the more difficult it is to achieve the required degree of integration†. He believes that matrix organization must reflect the external and internal factors before the implementation and he sees the members as critical factor in this case. The author adapts the notion of Gannon which says that the highest degree of differentiation and integration can be attained with the matrix organization design. â€Å"P.234, section III, The human factor in matrix organization, MATRIX MANAGMENT SYSTEM By David Cleland†Ã‚   The question is   Does the implementation of matrix organization on the ground have really achieved the highest degree of differentiation and integration? (This can be tested by comparing the performance of the units based on the degree of differentiation and integration)   2. â€Å"Implicit in much of the thinking behind dual leadership is the notion that satisfaction and productivity can both be obtained simultaneously. One manager, with natural inclination toward the task or goals of the group, can place more emphasis upon planning, organizing, and controlling group performance. The other manager, with a natural inclination toward people can act as the satisfier, consoler, and emphasize. One works toward increased productivity, the other toward improved morale and group cohesiveness. Both styles are needed for group effectiveness

Cause of Divorce Essay Example for Free

Cause of Divorce Essay Marriage is supposed to be a sacred and beautiful union. In present day America, marriages are not lasting as long as they use to. Marriage is not the same anymore. It is like people forgot what it takes to be married and the true meaning of the union. Statistics show that the main causes of failing marriages are infidelity, high expectations, and lack of communication. Infidelity often seems to be normal in many relationships. It is probably the single most damaging cause that leads to divorce. Infidelity is also a problem most couples would face. Years ago when a spouse was cheated on, most likely they would have stayed together because getting a divorce was illegal. Over the years it has become easier and easier for couples to become separated and then divorced because of law changes. The betrayal and emotional pain you feel once you learned your spouse had an affair is what often leads to divorce. High expectations often lead to disappointment. Men and women both make a lot of assumptions when it comes to marriage. Women are taught by society that men want sex, that men think about sex and that sex is just second nature to men. According to society, if you marry a man you can expect that man to want sex with you. If a man lacks a desire of sex the woman’s expectation of her husband’s sexual performance is lacking. Nine times out of ten if a husband or wife cheats it is a result of a problem in the relationship. The lack of communication is a common problem in daily life. Unfortunately there are problems that avoid being talked about between couples. For example, growing up I would always see either my mother or father at home, rarely both. My mother worked all day and my father worked nights. The difference in work schedules caused issues. If a topic was to be discussed it seemed as though it wasn’t enough time to address it therefore it was not address. My parents did not have the time to often exchange ideas with each other so there was not a confidence for trying to solve their problems. Marriage is not an easy journey. It takes a lot of love, patience, commitment, and communication. Beat statistics. Show them you can make your marriage work. Let’s keep marriage sacred and beautiful.

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Essay Describe a character or individual in the text whom who found interesting. Explain how the writer made the character or individual interesting to you. I found Juliet to be a very interesting character in the text. She is a very young girl that falls in love fast and changes her character all the way through the play. One of the ways that the writer made Juliet interesting to me was her age. Juliet is at the same age as me. I believe by the writer making her near the same age as me it helps me understand the text better. Because she is the same age the things she does and says makes more sense and we can understand why she does those things. We can relate to the way she changes her character during the play. How she defies her father and her name to be in love with Romeo at such a young age and sacrifices everything to have her true desire. Another way that I found her interesting and how the writer made her interesting to me was how she showed us about how strong and powerful young can be. The writer made her interesting by making her character fall in love at such a young age with Romeo. It shows us how it doesn’t matter how old or young you are you can still find true love. The writer shows us with Juliet how important this relationship was to her by do anything possible to be with Romeo. She went behind her parents back and snuck out with Romeo and again I can relate to this because if you want something our age you do anything to get it. She even said she would change her name and not be a Capulet any longer if it meant not to be with Romeo. Juliet even deified her parents and married Romeo and then went she found out that he was dead she killed her self because she couldn’t not love anymore showing how strong their love was. â€Å" Be not so long to speak ; I long to die, If what thou speak’st speak not of remedy† The last way that the writer made Juliet very interesting was changing Juliet’s attitude to everything from her parents to Romeo throughout the play. At the start of the play Juliet honored her family’s name and worshiped her mother rand father. Her desire wouldn’t go past what her mother or father wanted. â€Å"But no more will I endart mine eye that your consent gives strength to make it fly† However through the playa s she meets Romeo and falls in love with him she strays away from them sneaking out going behind their backs and going against their name and what they stand for. â€Å"Or , if thou wilt not,be but sworn my love, And I will no longer be a Capulet† She goes through the play being impatient and angry to impulsive wanting to be with Romeo so bad the being desperate to always being with him until Romeo dies and Juliet is in such pain where she cannot bear to live without him that she kills herself.

How Motivation Influences The Job Satisfaction Level Management Essay

How Motivation Influences The Job Satisfaction Level Management Essay 1.0 Introduction This study is carried out the important of motivation to influence job satisfaction in an organization, to understand the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction in an organization. In this chapter, will be focusing on research background, research objective, problem statement, and research question. 1.1 Research background The purpose of this study was to find out the impact of motivation on job satisfaction of employee in a organization. Motivation is a basic psychological process. A recent data-based comprehensive analysis concluded that competitiveness problems appear to be largely motivational in nature (Mine, Ebrahimi, and Wachtel, 1995). The management dilemma in many organizations and how they can improve the motivation of employees in the fast paced technological environment. Motives are expression of persons need. Hence they are personal and internal. They also can be incentive on the other hand are external to the person. Motivations are made part of work environment by management in order to satisfy the employees to accomplish task. Job satisfaction is positively affects individual performance. Job satisfaction positively affects individual performance (Petty et al. 1984; Judge et al. 2001; Kim 2005) and this make it highly relevant to investigate the cause of job satisfaction. According to Luthans (1998), motivation is the process of arouses, energizes, direct, and sustains behavior and performance. That is a process to influence people action and to achieve a desired task. There is also one of the way to influence people is to employ effective motivation which make the employee more satisfied and committed to their job. Money is a motivator but is not the only motivator. There is still having other incentives which can also serve as motivator. Employee attitudes relating to job satisfaction and organizational commitment are based on the field of organizational behavior and the practice of human resources management. Attitude has direct impact on job satisfaction. On the other hand, organizational commitment is focuses on their attitudes towards the entire organization. Although the relationship between satisfaction and commitment are strong, but there are more recent research shows that commitment cause satisfaction. 1.2 Problem statement There are many reasons why managers are keep facing the problem in organization. Resources, human and material, technology are a few issues confronting managers daily. The more important is the human aspect has question that has confused managers for a long time such as how can they make some employees perform better with satisfied in their job. According to Schofield (1998), an authoritative study conducted by the Sheffield Effectiveness Programme (a joint research project between the Centre for Economic Performance at the London Stock Exchange and the Institute for Work Psychology at the University of Sheffield) has shown that the way people are managed or motivated has a powerful impact on both productivity and profitability. The study which included measurement of levels of job satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees of 67 firms, found that 5% of the profitability variance, and 16% of the productivity variance between companies may be the different variance in job satisfaction levels between their employees. This study is demonstrated the important of job satisfaction, employees motivation and commitment in an organizational capability and effectiveness. According to Watson (1994) business has come to realize that motivated and satisfied workforces can deliver powerful to the bottom line. There are still many employees all over the world do not enjoy the level of job satisfaction and work motivation, because of that they keep seeking alternative employment to experience a higher degree of job satisfaction. Such action will influence an organizations ability to be profitable and successful over n extended period of time. According to Finck, Timmers and Mennes(1998) employees are excited and motivated by what they do will help business be achieve. 1.3 Research objective To find out the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction To determine the impact of motivation towards the employees job satisfaction. To analyze the way to improve the job satisfaction by using work motivation. 1.4 Research question What are the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction? What determine the impact of motivation towards the employees job satisfaction? How work motivation can improve job satisfaction? 2.0 Literature review 2.1 The relationship between motivation and job satisfaction 2.1.1 Motivation According to Pinder(1998 in Ambrose Kulik, 1999) work motivation may be regarded as a set of internal and external forces that initiate work-related behavior, and determine its form, direction, intensity and duration. The concept related to the work and influence on work behavior of both environmental forces. In workplace, work motivation are invisible, it is depends on personal behavior and responsibility of the job. Snell (1999) says that motivation is everything. Without motivation people will not deliver to their potential even the talented people. People that are motivated will perform well and improve the personal ability. He further asserts that company staff are very important in a business due to they are the image of the company that customer see. They have the potential to enhance the quality of service and have the power to influence or reduce the company profits. According to a model developed by Herzberg, motivation is influenced by maintenance and motivational factors. The important motivational factors are the work itself, achievement, growth, responsibility, advancement and recognition. There are basic internal motivators rather than external. The Maslow and Herzberg models are similar due to its focus on needs, but the difference can be seen from the point of views. Nel, Gerber, Van Dyk, Haasbroek, Schultz, Sono and Werner(2001) describe motivation as intentional and directional. Intentional is mean to personal choice and committed of action, and directional indicates being of a driving force aimed at achieving a specific goal. A people who get motivated will know they must achieve the specific goal even in the face of adversity. 2.1.2 Job satisfaction The concept of job satisfaction will be very important now a day. Managers feel that if they responsible for maintaining high levels of job satisfaction among their staff will helps to increase the productivity, absenteeism and staff turnover (Arnold Feldman, 1986). According to Locke (1976), job satisfaction was already significant since the first part of 20th century, for example, there are over 3000 related studies were published between 1935 and 1976 which an average of on publication every five days. Job satisfaction is regarded a s related to important employee and organizational outcomes, ranging from job performance to health and longevity (Spector, 2003). According to Gibson et al (2000) job satisfaction may be defined as an individuals expression of personal well-being associated with doing the job assigned. Job satisfaction depends on the level of internal and external and how the employees view those outcomes. The outcomes of job satisfaction have different values for different people. For some people, responsible and challenging work is negative value and depending on the education level and prior experience with work providing the internal outcomes. For other people, such work outcomes may have high positive values. Those differences would influence the level of jab satisfaction on the same job tasks. Bateman and Snell(1999) say if people feel fairly treated from the outcomes they receive, or the processes used, they will be satisfied. These authors mention that a satisfied worker is not necessarily more productive than a dissatisfied one due to sometimes people are happy with their jobs which dont have to work hard. 2.2 The impact of motivation towards the employees job satisfaction All employers want their workers to perform well of their abilities and they try to provide all the necessary resources and a good working environment in order to keep their employees motivated. However, motivation is a difficult factor to manage due to every employees wants or target does not always match with what the employers provide. Motivation and job satisfaction reinforce each other and work together, if the employee is satisfied on job performance he tend to be motivated. So that understand the employee needs can give better insight to managing human motivation. Frankl(1984) suggested that, motivation reflects peoples search for meaning and that job satisfaction may reflect the degree to which people have found meaning in their work. According to Sylvia and Hutchinson (1985), true job satisfaction is derived from the gratification of higher order needs such as social relations, esteem, and self actualization rather than lower- order needs 2.3 The way to improve the job satisfaction by using work motivation Motivation is very important in an organization nowadays, but not everyone satisfy when the motivation in processes. May be that is because the employers make the wrong way to motivate their employees. Because of that, there are few strategies helps to improve the job satisfaction such as salary, wages and conditions of service, money, staff training, information availability and communication. 2.3.1 Salary, Wages and Conditions of Service To use salaries as a motivator effectively, managers which are motivator must consider four major components of a salary structures such as job rate, payment, personal or special allowances, associated with factors and side benefit. Job rate is relates to the importance the organization attached to each job. Payment is to encourage workers or group by rewarding them according to their performance. Personal or special allowances, associated with factors are the scarcity of particular skills or certain categories of information professionals or with long service. Last but not least, side benefit represent holiday with pay, pensions, and so on. It is also important to ensure the salary structure of the organization will retained the same level of the market salary structure. 2.3.2 Money According to Akintoye(2000), money remains the most significant motivational strategy. Money is the major factor which able to motivate employee to increase the productivity of the company (Taylor, 1911). Incentive system will be able to improve job satisfaction, high performance, commitment. Katz, in Sinclair, et al. (2005) emphasizes the motivational power of money through the process of job choice. He explains that money has a very strong power to attract or motivate individually to achieve higher performance. For example, a employee will simple shift company for the greater financial reward of the job, if the differences of the workload of the job is similar with the current job. Banjoko(1996) mentions that many managers use money to reward or punish workers. 2.3.3 Staff Training No matter how computerized an organization, high productivity depends on the level of motivation and the effectiveness of the workforce. Staff training is an essential strategy for motivating workers. An organization must have good training programme. This will give the employee opportunities for self-improvement and development to meet the challenges and requirements of new equipment and new techniques of performing a task. 2.3.4 Information Availability and Communication One way managers can stimulate motivation is to give relevant information on the consequences of their actions on others (Olajide, 2000). According the researcher, there is no known organizations in which people do not usually feel there should be improvement in the way department communicate, cooperate, and collaborate with one another. Information availability brings a powerful pressure between the employees, where two or more people running together will run faster than when running alone. By sharing information, subordinates compete with one another. 2.4 Theoretical framework Motivation n Salary, Wages and Condition of Service Job Satisfaction Money Staff Training Information Availability and Communication Dependent variable Independent variable 2.4.1 Analysis path The framework shows that the two variables in the research proposal, motivation is the independent variable. From this research I have identify that salary, wages and condition of service, money, staff training, information availability and communication are the motivational factors that affect job satisfaction level. The dependent variable in this research would be job satisfaction. From the framework, we will understand the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction. Job satisfaction will be interrupt by the motivation method or strategies. On the other hand, motivation strategy is also able to enhance the job satisfaction level. 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Introduction In this section, we slightly describe the research methodology use in the study to know how motivation affects in job satisfaction and using the data collection to analysis the data for the study. To find out the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction, impacts and the strategy to improve job satisfaction level in a organization. 3.2 Data Resources According to Bell (1995), primary data are such data that does not yet include any interpretations and analysis from other people. Secondary data on the other hand is data that is analyzed and include someones interpretation of the data (Bell, 1995). Secondary data was chosen for this research due to the cost and time saving for collect data that needed for the research (Hair, Money, Samouel, and Page, 2007), According to Saunders et al (2007), primary data is expensive which compare to secondary data. In additional, Hair et al (2007) emphasizes that most of the secondary data are free of charge or either can be purchase in a cheaper price. 3.3 Data Analysis Procedure The secondary resources needed in order to be able to fulfill the purpose of this proposal are mainly journal articles and textbook. When searching for secondary data search engine such as Google Scholar, Emerald and others. KBU International College has provided student a huge variety of reference books. Google search engine is the advancement of technology which allowed us to get information conveniently and quickly to obtain various journals from the website which allowed us to understand the research objectives. Emerald website which can access through it using Anglia Ruskin University account is easy to obtain various journals which needed for the research. Less text book are used in this research as the source from the library about our research questions. 3.4 Hypothesis Null Hypothesis H0: There is no relationship between motivation and job satisfaction Alternative Hypothesis H1: There is a relationship between motivation and job satisfaction Null Hypothesis H0: Motivation cannot affect job satisfaction level Alternative Hypothesis H2: Motivation can affect job satisfaction Null Hypothesis H0: Motivation unable to improve job satisfaction Alternative Hypothesis H3: Motivation able to improve job satisfaction 4.0 Limitation The research could have done more accurately if more resources which could be obtain to support the research. There are limited resources provided in KBU International College library. However, KBU does provide student access to Emerald Insight website which contains many research journals and the college had already paid the fee, but student are still allowed to access to the website within the college premises. In additional, this research only used secondary data collection which easy to obtain. Most of the secondary data come from other authors opinion and their personal findings. Because of that, this research may be inaccuracy due to the opinion from the author might disagree with research and opinion done by other author around the world. 5.0 Ethical consideration The information of the people who provide information to the study would not show to the others when the study done to protect the human right of privacy. There is the action that should be taken. The information provider are willing to provide the information to finish the study and not being force. During the research, the information collected would not be modify as to maintain the accuracy of the information which been collected. 6.0 Executive Summary From the study done, we know that the motivation was so important in an organization which can affect the job satisfaction level. By the way, the relationship between the employee motivation and job satisfaction using the right way to motivate the employee; thus enhancing the job satisfaction level and the organization at the same time. When motivation and job satisfaction are reinforced together as one, motivation and job satisfaction can increase the working performance of employees. Besides that, there are several strategies used to enhance the working performance. The strategies used are such as; Salary, Wages and Conditions of Service strategy, Money strategy, Staff Training strategy, and lastly the Information Availability and Communication strategy. Using all this strategy will further develop the working condition to the highest level of job satisfaction. To sum it up as a whole, motivation and job satisfaction are co-related because when the motivation to work increases, emp loyee will have a higher job satisfaction, thus creating maximum output for the organization. 7.0 Gantt Chart Activity FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY Week number 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 Read literature Finalize objectives Draft literature review Read methodology literature Devise research approach Draft research strategy and method Enter data into computer Draft findings chapter Update literature read Complete remaining chapters Submit to tutor and await feedback Revise draft, format for submission Print, bind Submit

Analysis of the Boat Scene in Gustave Flauberts Madame Bovary Essay

An Analysis of the Boat Scene in Gustave Flaubert's Madame Bovary As Gustave Flaubert wrote the novel Madame Bovary, he took special care to examine the relationship between literature and the effect on its readers. His heroine Emma absorbs poetry and novels as though they were instructions for her emotional behavior. When her mother dies, she looks to poetry to decide what degree of mourning is adequate; when she becomes adulterous she thinks immediately how she is like the women in literature that she has read about. In one scene, Emma is with her second lover, Leon, rowing in a boat, and she begins to sing several lines from the poem "Le Lac" by the romantic poet Alphonse de Lamartine. The poem is about two lovers rowing on a lake as well, which is undoubtedly why Emma chooses this particular verse to sing. However, Lamartine's piece expresses much more than the serenity of love, a depth that Emma fails to see. By having Emma naively invoke the words of Lamartine, Flaubert brings the heaviness of the poem to a scene of otherwise lightheart ed beauty. This poetic reference not only suggests a greater depth to the scene, but also serves, through the hand of Flaubert, to allude to the death of Emma. Flaubert refers to Lamartine at the beginning of the novel when Emma's mother dies. Emma "Ãâ€"let herself meander along with Lamartine, listened to harps on lakes, to all the songs of dying swans, to the falling of leaves, the pure virgins ascending into heavenÃâ€"" (28). Emma uses this poetry as a way of inducing herself into sadness; she reads his poetry as a way of finding the right mood for her mourning. However, imitation of grief is the only thing that she achieves; her readings afford her no great insights other ... ...he irony of her words. Ultimately, the scene between Emma and Leon is just as fleeting as with Lemartine and M. Charles; their happy moments fade into something darker. Just as Emma cannot understand the importance of the words she sings, she does not understand the gravity of the moment she is in. Only the reader is aware of this depth, a depth achieved through the careful maneuvering of Flaubert. Works Cited and Consulted Berg, William J. and Laurey K. Martin. Gustave Flaubert. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1997. Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary. Trans. Geoffrey Wall. London: Penguin Books 1992. Maraini, Dacia. Searching for Emma: Gustave Flaubert and Madame Bovary. Translated by Vincent J. Bertolini. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Steegmuller, Francis. Flaubert and Madame Bovary. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1968.

Rwanda Genocide Compared with Hotel Rwanda Essay -- African Politics

The continent of Africa has been continually engaged in civil, tribal and cross national conflicts from colonial independence up until present day. What historians regard as the most ‘efficient genocide’ in history, occurred in a mere 100 days in the small central African country of Rwanda. The Hutus and the Tutsis, two ethnic groups within Rwanda, have been at continual unrest for the past half a century. During the 100 day massacre of 1994, a murder occurred every two seconds; resulting in 18% of the Tutsi population being killed. A decade after the war, in 2004, the film Hotel Rwanda was released. The film followed the story of a Hutu man; Paul Rusesabagina as he housed over 1200 Tutsi refugees in his hotel. The Hotel De Milles Collines, a five-star resort in the capital city Kigali, was a safe haven for several hundred Tutsis during the 100 days of slaughter in Rwanda. The purpose of this paper will be to focus on the differences between the film Hotel Rwanda and the reality of the Rwandan genocide. I will seek to determine how accurately the film draws from history and how much of the film is fiction. For this essay I will first look at the history of the relations between the Hutus and the Tutsis dating back to the 1950s, so to grasp a background of the country. I will then account the events leading up to the 100 day massacre and look at how they were depicted in the film Hotel Rwanda. I will then examine how accurately Paul Rusesabagina and his efforts were displayed in the movie as well as the efforts from the U.N. This essay aims to have a comprehensive summary of the infamous tragedy as well as critically highlighting how Hollywood can alter history. Rwanda is nestled between the... ...ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/ehost/detail?vid=1&hid=11&sid=f5d57578-23a1-4dd9-bc4c-295bd3cebc3a%40sessionmgr4&bdata=JmxvZ2lucGFnZT1Mb2dpbi5hc3Amc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZlJnNjb3BlPXNpdGU%3d#db=aph&AN=21301349 No Author. â€Å"The Real Hero of Rwanda.† U.S. Catholic (February 2006). 71-2. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.library.uvic.ca/ehost/pdf?vid=2&hid=11&sid=78e94ed4-e51d-4773-aba0-3ce0c64bad34%40sessionmgr10 Strauss, Scott. The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda. (Cornell University Press Ithaca and London). 2006. Rusesabagina, Paul. An Ordinary Man: An Autobiography. (An Address Given to the Los Angeles World Affairs Council) March 12, 2007. Retrieved from, http://www.lawac.org/speech/2006-07/RUSESABAGINA,%20Paul%202007.pdf Taylor, Christopher. Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994. (Oxford New York) 1999.

Romulus and Remus Essay -- English Literature Essays

Romulus and Remus Numitor, king of the ancient Italian city of Alba Longa, was deposed by his brother Amulius. Numitor’s daughter, Rhea Silvia, was made a vestal virgin (priestess of the Goddess Vesta & forbidden to marry). Mars, the God of War, fell in love with her and she gave birth to twin sons.† [1] Fearing for his life and his newly captured throne, Amulius had the twins put in a basket and through into the Tiber river. Instead of sinking the basket floated steadily down stream. â€Å"The basket came aground at the Grotto Lupercal, under a fig tree called Ruminal, where the twins were found and suckled by a she wolf.†[2] Along with the wolf was Picus, who was turned into a woodpecker by Circe, both sacred to mars. They both feed the kids and kept them live until one day a herdsman stumbled upon the two boys. â€Å"The shepard Faustulus found the twins. He toofk them with him to his house and his wife called them Romulus and Renus.. they were not aware of the princely origin of the boys and raised them as their children.†[3] â€Å"Ounce Romulus and Remus had grown up, they learned their story and decided to go back to Albalonga.†[4] Not knowing exactly why they had been abandoned, the twins had no idea where to start looking. They decided to start by going to the local festival. â€Å"As young men, Romulus and Remus gathered around them a band of hardy, adventurous campanions.†[5] And because of their adventurous nature they tended to get a little roudy. â€Å"Remus is captured by a ban...

Civic Participation and Voter Turnout Essay

Interaction in social networks has a strong, influence on whether or not individuals participate in voting and other political activism. Social interaction creates unique opportunities for individuals to learn about politics. It allows them to learn about various and differing views on political issues thus supporting the political activity of many people. It is my supposition that participation is dependent on the amount of political discussion that occurs within various social networks. Analyzing these interactions can provide a window into social networks and active political participation. It also shows that such interactions play a crucial role in explaining the role of other that predict participation, such as group membership, high school civic participation and individual resources. First, when and how do social networks make people politically active? Second, is the impact of informal interaction in those networks distinct from that of formal social organizations? Finally, how much does a social network model of involvement add to our theoretical and substantive understanding of how people become involved in politics? There really are two social network trends. The first is formal social interaction which is formal groups such as churches, social clubs and other formal organizations. These formal interactions develop many of our civic skills and expose people to more larger political opinions. The second in informal social interaction such as barbecues, parties and other interactions that are not in formal groups. These informal conversations expose people to political information from their surrounding social network. The implication is that social interaction can make people more active in politics when it exposes them to politically-relevant information. Social discussion exposes people to a wide range of information that may influence decisions to participate, such as information about how desirable it is to participate. (McClurg, 2003). Discussions with friends who are interested or active in politics can help people learn about the reasons for participating while reinforcing the idea that such behavior is desirable among one’s peers. People also may be exposed to information about the how politics works and how a person participates. Information about which candidate to support, why to support that candidate, when the candidate is holding a rally, or even how to just get involved are all types of information that can be effectively exchanged by these varying social interactions. Social interaction exposes people to a different set of politically-relevant information and stimuli than they possess individually. (McClurg, 2003). Individual understanding, information, resources, and ability are limited because there is just oneself to process information. Social interaction with other people gives one another opportunity to develop thoughts and resources that lower the barriers to political participation. â€Å"Consequently, social resource supplement (rather than supplant) the person resources and abilities that make participation likely. † (McClurg, 2003). Over the past 50 years in the United States, there has been a decline in many important facets of civic participation. Particularly troubling has been the steady decrease in the percentage of adults voting in local and national elections, a trend that has been extensively documented. In 1996, there were 13 million voters registered to vote however, only 49% of those people turned out for the general election which was the lowest turnout since 1924. (Voting Patterns). Again in 2000 only 50% of the voters turned out for the general election. The following is the presidential voter turnout rates from 1948 to 2008.

The Use of Song to Improve Students Pronunciation at the Seventh Grade.

A. Background : There are many factors that cause unsatisfied result of learning English, but there are also many things to overcome the problem. As result students are able to developed communication skill and make them a costumed to interpreting as well as expressing. To learn English means to learn about the language it self and to learn how to use it in oral communication spoken language begin with sounds. The most important in learning process, the teacher has been called the facilitator or mediator should has some certain skills in teaching learning English. To express the language, it should has stimulus which was given.For giving the interesting learning process, the teacher can use media or method which is suitable, for example film, movie, picture, or music. In English language teaching attention should be paid to the teaching pronunciation, its’ seems to have an important of language teaching because we will know the quality of the speaking using pronunciation skill . We can teach pronunciation by song. Its’ give the students entertain to interest the teaching learning process. Many students have also proven that song are very helpful for learners in learning a new language. B. Research Question : 1.What extent are the songs able to improve the students pronunciation? 2. What are the problems faced by students? C. The purpose of the research 1. To find out what extent the song to able to improve the students pronunciation ? 2. To find out what the problems faced by the students. D. Underlying The Theories Kelly Affir in that â€Å"misic contains large section pronunciation and it has detail matter like vowel quality, syllabic length, and intonation pattern† (1996:99) One the study entitled â€Å" the use of children songs to improve students pronunciation a case of the fourth grade kabupaten pemalang† by febri Wira atmojo ( 2010:39) E.Research method The method of this research will use experimental quantitative research th ere are two activities they are pre test and post test. The techniques the researcher used to collect the data before and after test. The observation was used to gather information dealing with the students’ progress during the teaching and learning process. Besides, the oral test was done to know the students’ improvement in pronunciation before and after the technique was implemented.F. Reference †¢Harmer, Jeremy. 1991. The Practice of English Language Teaching. London: Longman. †¢Bums, Anne. 1999. Collaborative Action Research for English Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. †¢Halliwell, Susan. 1992. Teaching English in the Primary Classroom. London: Longman. †¢Wira, febri . 2010 . the use of children song to improve students pronunciation. †¢http// linguistic. byu. edu/faculty herrichsen / research method / RM 2. 06 htm.

Post-Industrialism, Summary

The sense of economic transformation within the western industrial economies had been present since the 1970s. Some say we are entering into a post-industrial era. That is, leaving behind the the world of industrialism and its imagery – the factories, the heavy machinery and overalled men. Others say we are looking at one specific form of industry disappearing – that of mass production, a Fordist manufacture.Neo – or post-Fordist society (as another discourse), is all together a different kind of economy; one which is organized around flexible forms of production, which is becoming important as a means of responding to the greater diversity of consumer demand and fragmented market tastes. To put it simply, it is a change from a ‘mass’ to a ‘pluralistic’ kind of society. Economies are always in a state of change, but they are less often in the midst of a radical shift in the direction of the economy.What characterizes this radical shift i s firstly in its interconnected nature of such changes, what happens in one part of the economy effects upon the rest of the economy. Secondly it implies that a different set of dynamics is driving an economy. For instance, with the rise of post-industrialism, it is claimed that a new kind of dynamic – the generation of knowledge and the control of information, has displaced the dynamics of manufacturing technologies and the making of things. In this article it introduces 4 main theorists and their characterization of this radical shift of the economy. Post-Industrial SocietyThe idea of a post-industrial society first took hold in the US in the 1960s. Daniel Bell clearly outlined the nature of this transition. He adopted a ‘stages’ model of development which identified three phases of economic progress: a pre-industrial – dominated by agriculture, an industrial – manufacturing and a post-industrial, that he suggests we have entered is dominated by s ervices. According to Bell, the general direction of economic change is towards a service economy. He also suggests the concept of ‘axial principles’ which refers to the mechanisms or dynamics that give shape to an economy.In a post-industrial society, knowledge and information is the driving force that stimulate economic growth, it also takes the form of a final product – reams of information. Bell also pointed out the consequences of this new economic dynamic. 1. 1. Shift in the kinds of work that people do. From manual, manufacturing jobs to non-manual work in the service sector, where people no longer work upon things but work with each other to deliver a service. 2. 2. Shift in the occupational structure as manual jobs give way to white-collar and professional occupations. Skills and physical work requiring strength -> ‘think’ work. . 3. The emergence of a new class, the knowledge elites. As knowledge and information are the key sources of a post-industrial society, and they are the ones who control those resources. The intellectual work would be specialized, the new hierarchies of technical elites will be formed alongside the increased professionalization of work and the bureaucratization of ‘think' work. Alain Touraine also discussed about the post-industrialism. Like Bell, he also gave central place to the control of knowledge and information and identified the agents of change, the ones with control of knowledge as a ‘technocracy’.However at this point, they differ in their treatment of social conflict. In Touraine's analysis, there will be a new social divide between technocrats and bureaucrats on one hand, and a range of social groups such as workers, students and consumers on the other hand. This division is because the principal opposition between social group is no longer stem from the ownership and control of private property, but from access to information and its uses. So, the dominant cla ss would have power over the livelihood and lifestyle, not only in the sphere of economic production.Because of this, the social conflict and the social movement in post-industrial society will also be changed to that they are not so related to industry or particular material needs. New types of social movements such as environmental and feminist movements that are beyond the class politics will take form. Whereas Touraine sees post-industrial society as a setting in which the lack of power among certain social groups provides a basis for new lines of social resistance, Bell identifies a contradiction between the economic and the cultural realms of post-industrialism.While there is still a protestant work ethic, the committed, hard working spirit which also focused on economic efficiency, Bell points out that this is now at odds with the desire for a more hedonistic lifestyle, supported by overall material sufficiency, and the new emerging culturally expressive, individualistic life style of the post-modern culture. The Information Society Daniel Bell is again, a key contributor to the debate of information society, saying that this is a recent expression of post-industrial society.He claimed that the information society rested upon a knowledge theory of value. This means that knowledge has replaced productive labour as the source of value that creates future profits. Here, knowledge and its application is the resource, and this is integrated with the adoption of new information technologies which can reshape the ways we consume and produce, as well as where we perform these activities. However for Bell, information is regarded more than a resource but also a commodity which can be bought and sold in the market.This leads to the emergence of information occupations – consisting of professional, technical workers concerned with the production, processing and distribution of information. Manuel Castells also draws his opinion on the information-based socie ty. But he argues that information society is not necessarily matching with post-industrial society which the manufacturing sector is being replaced by the service sector. Rather, he identifies the role of knowledge and use of information as the ‘dynamics’ of the coming society. Knowledge, is both the base of production and the outcome of production.That means knowledge, as a resource and commodity in its own right, is a central means of improving economic performance and intensifies the process of economic innovation. Castells also identified the role of the new technologies enabling multinational companies to operate in new ways. The development of communication technologies, management system and technologies of production gave them opportunities to work in a more ‘footloose’ way. They joined multiple networks with other companies which enabled them to develop products jointly or serve specific markets.What Castells saw here was the concentration of powe r (information) among a knowledge elite in the corporations. Where, on the one hand, automation of low-skilled jobs especially among the workforce in maufacturing was undergoing. In other words, he distinguished a trend towards the polarization and segmentation of the social structure. The Divided Society Andre Gorz defined the change in the structure of employment and the change in the role of work in the post-industrial society. He claimed that there is a social division of secure, well-paid workers and a growing mass of the unemployed.In between them are the new post-industiral working class whom the work is no longer meaningful nor of any identity. In his view, the source of the problem is the emergence of new technologies that brought about automation at the workplace. It left the people with no jobs, creating ‘jobless growth’. If this continues, it would decrease the quality of the remaining working class jobs even more. Work in this sense, is just an instrumental activity for the majority. To earn money but with no satisfaction or content. Here we see a similar picture with that of Castells’s, the segmentation of the workforce.A privileged minority who obtains and controls the information and a casualized and marginalized majority of the working class. Gorz identifies this vision by referring to a society polarized between an emergent ‘servile’ class and a securely employed, professional class. The economic elites can now purchase at low cost the services that they’ve been capable of doing by themselves in the past such as domestic work. So the working class moves in to this service sector to ‘serve’ the economic elites. Their jobs – the new service jobs, lack dignity and are often not even considered as real jobs.And this line of argument by Gorz thus stresses a growing social inequality as a marking feature of post-industrialism. Conclusion ; Summary Despite the different aspects that these w riters each concentrated on, they agree on the fact that post-industrialism signals a number of distinguishing changes. Shift away from industrialism, a shift in the number of manufacturing economies to a service base. The growth of new occupations leading the economy, the white collar, professionals also categorized as knowledge elites. Gorz puts an emphasis here, on the fate of a deskilled working class forced to serve these elites.And the social and economic polarization that is also part of the general direction of the change. Lastly the shift in the types of social movements. From the attention on industrial forms of class politics to something beyond what we call class politics. Such as the green movement. If we refer to the beginning again, we can see it is not just a change, but a radical shift of the economy – the interconnected nature and changes in the dynamics of the economy. In this case, what all 4 writers agree on is that information and knowledge has become th e dynamics, the driving force of our economy.

Beauty: Wish and Carla

This funny witty story â€Å"Beauty† by Jane Martin is about two girls who argue about the facets each one has. Carla is the definition of beauty, and Bethany who is the opposite carries something Carla wishes she had: brains, personality, and a college degree. The play relies mostly on wit and wordplay with only two characters and a genie lamp. Both Carla and Bethany envy one another; wishing they had each other’s looks or persona.When Bethany has the power to change what she has and get what she has always wanted; the writer uses Carla to show that Bethany will be disappointed with the set of dialogue they use back and forth. Carla is clearly not happy with herself and her insecurities; meanwhile so is Bethany, discovering that everyone has different problems no matter what they look like. Everyone is envious of someone for something not realizing they have problems they won’t understand.Because â€Å"Beauty† is a play, Martin introduces the characters t hrough dialogue. The first character, Carla, is first seen talking on the phone with a random suitor that she met at a bar and she cannot seem to remember. This is evidence that Carla has some type of beauty that attracts male attention, even without any actual interaction. Later in the play, Carla references the fact that she has a modeling meeting with Ralph Lauren, reiterating the fact that she is physically beautiful.The second character, Bethany, is Carla’s friend, and obviously a good friend because she does not mind interrupting Carla on the phone regardless of how many times Carla asks her to be quiet. Bethany has a demanding job as a public accountant, and decides to take a break to go to the beach. While there, she finds a lamp with a magic genie inside. The magic genie grants Bethany three wishes, three chances to have something she would not normally get in her life. Martin uses the genie to unmask Bethany’s hidden desires and discontent in her life.

Reflection on Plasticized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection on Plasticized - Essay Example The pollutants become part of organs of the fish which are then consumed by humans.Chelsea conducted a lab test where she confirmed that plastics do have disruptive effects on the bodies of fish where it can not only affect their organs it also effects their endocrine system, thereby halting their reproductive systems. As per her research work, she says plastics don’t biodegrade they photo-degrade, that is, the sun breaks them down into smaller and smaller pieces and this happens only out at sea. A perception is that plastic will degrade automatically just like all other organic material that is used for packaging, while plastic never biodegrades. Most of the world which is a contributor to production and consumption of plastic is unaware that plastic will not finish off on its own, it will require optimum conditions created by human beings to become unavailable. Dr Marcus explains that his research has only covered a teaspoon of plastic on the ocean floor since the trawl was trawling only a small surface area. The ocean covers 2/3rd of the earth and sieving through a small area also brought out results. The results are relevant in terms of the micro-organisms that inhabit the surface and the fishes that feed on the surface. These fishes are eventually foddered for bigger fishes which become human food. The plastic and its components affect humans through the food chain. In effect, we create our own problem. Most of the team agree that damage control is the solution rather than cleaning the sea.

Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 26

Personal Statement - Essay Example My experience while in University was also acutely critical in the development of my career. After the training, I decided to look for a job and landed myself in a classroom, where I taught students. This enabled me to use my talent and pass information to others in the society in order to improve their understanding and conceptualization of ideas and theories projected by theorists. For six months, I worked as a volunteer at a secondary school during the evening. During the day, I was also pursuing my teaching skills in a secondary school where I got to share and obtain knowledge and ideas on what others think and know about Kurdish people. However, in 2009, I left my work and moved to the UK. Living in the UK, as a Kurdish, has enabled me to attain ESOL entry two and three plus speaking and listening of level one, not forgetting math for level one and two. All this is essential for my communication skills and has been of help towards attaining literacy and reading for level one and GCSE math. While here, I learnt how to support myself with a part time volunteer job as a receptionist. This has led me to choose my postgraduate course. MA in Kurdish studies is the postgraduate course I am intending to pursue since it gives me a wider understanding and knowledge on Kurdish regions found in the Middle East. This course gives me an in-depth understanding of the societies, literature, international relations and politics linked to Kurdish group. This dissertation is my choice of study because it interests me and enlightens me on the political, economic and social developments and origins. I will also get a chance to familiarize myself with the regions contemporary settings and institutional structures thus, will boost their activities and history for others to appreciate and acknowledge. The purpose of studying this course is to gain further insights on my region’s culture and tradition. It intrigues me to learn about the history of my clans men