Prime Minister of Vietnam Essay Example for Free

Prime Minister of Vietnam Essay The Republic of Indonesia in the South East Asia is the world’s largest archipelago. It has more than 17,500 islands and the world’s fourth most populated country with over 200 million inhabitants. Majority of which are Muslims. Its capital is Jakarta and it shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Booming with natural resources, many foreigners have tried to invade Indonesia. These conquerors range from the Indians that brought about the rise of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in the early centuries AD, the Muslim traders who introduced the religion of Islam during the medieval times, and the Europeans who fought for monopolization of the spice trade during the Age of Exploration. It was only in 1945 that Indonesia declared its independence. Four years later, it was then recognized as an independent republic. ? Government and Politics in Indonesia The motto Bhinneka tunggal ika (Unity in diversity, derived from Old Javanese) guides the administration of Indonesia as a whole. A unitary state consisting of a number of distinct ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups, Indonesia has experienced a lot from colonialism to rebellion. Being a unitary state, power revolves around a presidential system and is concentrated in the national government. Since 1998 however, the Indonesian political and governmental set-up have undergone a series of major reforms. After its declaration of independence in 1945, the Constitution, which has been approved in 1945, has been amended four times in 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 leading to the creation of a newly liberal democratic political system. In the present format, the President of Indonesia is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Indonesian armed forces. The president is also responsible for appointing a council of ministers that are not required to be elected members of the legislature. Also, the Peoples Consultative Assembly (MPR) serves as the highest representative body at national level. It has two lower House of Representatives: the Peoples Representative Council (DPR) with 550 members and the Regional Representatives Council (DPD) with 168 members. ? Economy of Indonesia In 2005, Indonesia placed 110th in the worldwide ranking in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It had a GDP of US$287 billion and a per capita GDP (PPP) of US$4,458. In 2005, Indonesia’s GDP was contributed as follows: the services sector, 45. 3%; industry sector, 40. 7%; and the agriculture sector, 14%. Despite the low contribution to national GDP, the agriculture sector serves as the country’s largest employer (46. 5% of the 95 million-strong workforce) followed by the services sector (41. 7%) and industry (11. 8%). Indonesia’s main industry features petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, and mining while palm oil, rice, tea, coffee, spices and rubber make up the major agricultural products. These however, are just a number of the extensive natural resources that Indonesia offers: crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper, and gold. In the export and import industry, Indonesias major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs. Also in 2005, its main export markets are Japan (22. 3%), the United States (13. 9%), China (9. 1%), and Singapore (8. 9%), whereas its major suppliers of imports are Japan (18. 0%), China (16. 1%), and Singapore (12. 8%). Vietnam ? Major Features The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the easternmost nation on the Indochina Peninsula. Bordering the Peoples Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest and Cambodia to the southwest, Vietnam has a population of approximately 85 million in 2005, making it one of the most densely populated nations in Southeast Asia. ? Government and Politics in Vietnam The 1975 Constitution of Vietnam was replaced recently by the present state constitution approved in April 1992. Though a Socialist Republic, the commitment of the present government of Vietnam to the said ideology started to diminish since the 1990s. Now a single-party state, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam asserts the central role of the Communist Party in all organs of government, politics and society. In line with this, only political organizations affiliated or endorsed by the Communist Party, such as the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, workers and trade unionist parties, are permitted to contest elections. As like in most countries, the President of Vietnam is the titular head of state and the nominal commander in chief of the military of Vietnam, chairing the Council on National Defense and Security. On the other hand, its Prime Minister of Vietnam serves as the head of government, presiding over a council of ministers composed of 3 deputy prime ministers and the heads of 26 ministries and commissions. The unicameral legislature of the government, the National Assembly of Vietnam composed of 498 members is superior to both the executive and judicial government branches. As for the judicial system, the Supreme Peoples Court of Vietnam, serves as the highest court of appeal in the nation. Under the Supreme Peoples Court are the provincial municipal courts and the local courts. Another powerful branch of the judiciary are the military courts that have special jurisdiction in matters of national security. ? Economy of Vietnam At present, Vietnam is the largest producer of cashew nuts with a one-third global share and second-largest rice exporter in the world. Besides rice, its other key exports include coffee, tea, rubber, and fishery products. Due to its numerous land reforms and programs, Vietnam has the highest percent of land use for permanent crops (6. 93%) among any nation in the Greater Mekong Sub region. Despite being a major contributor in the export industry, agricultures share of economic output in GDP has declined from 42% in 1989 to 26% in 1999. However, production in other sectors of the economy has continued to rise. Undergoing a transition to a market economy, Vietnam updated its intellectual property legislation to comply with TRIPS in 1996. In 2006, its acceptance to the WTO marked another landmark in Vietnam’s move towards economic progress. Vietnams chief trading partners include Japan, Australia, ASEAN countries, the U. S. and Western European nations. In 2006, the country is listed among the Next Eleven economies. Having a GDP growth of about 8% in 2006, Vietnam had the second fastest growth rate from among all countries in East and Southeast Asia. Now, Vietnam boasts of the manufacturing, information technology and high-tech industries as fast-growing and major contributing sectors to the nation’s economic progress. References: Indonesia. (n. d. ) Accesssed February 13, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Indonesia Vietnam. (n. d. ) Accesssed February 13, 2007 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Vietnam

Asmaray Animations Process Analysis

Asmaray Animations Process Analysis Summary As your Business Analysts, we have collected the current processes within Asmaray Animations. By conducting a thorough analysis of your processes and identifying the actors involved. We have accumulated a detailed explanation through the representation of an IPO chart, expanded use case and a use case diagram. Task 1 The following IPO chart details the role of a Business Analyst (BA) at Asmaray Animations which in short, is the process of using the clients needs and concerns to work with animators to create a desired product, which is then delivered to the client. Starting the IPO process are the inputs. The inputs for this scenario are the clients, a functioning website and also animators. The website is an important input as it provides a gateway to lure potential clients and offer them a range of artwork where they can be inspired to create an animation. For the next step to take place the clients must provide the BA with their needs and concerns so that the Business can allocate a matching animator. This step relates to decision making as it involves the clients deciding what they want in their desired animation using chosen references on the website, communication between the client and business and is also about decision making as it is about creating a plan for the clients product. The processing step is where the inputs are transformed into outputs, what occurs in this step is the process of relaying the initial plan to the animator so they can create a prototype to be reviewed by the client. In some cases clients, can be ambiguous in expressing their needs and concerns, It is then the BAs job to make sense of this ambiguity and generate assumptions, this involves refining, polishing and adding on to the clients ideas to make the end product more desirable. This occurs when the client doesnt absolutely know what they want but only have on idea of it. In the end of both cases the BA works with the animator to create a prototype, if the client approves of the prototype then the prototype will be finished if not discussion between the client starts again. This step shows decision making in most of the processes; the BA decides on what to add on to the clients plan, discussions between the animator and BA on creating a prototype and the review of the prototype between the BA and client. The last stage of the IPO is the Outputs, if the client approved of the prototype in the previous step then the finalised product should be delivered to the client. This step is all about the client receiving their animation and payment going through. This step can be considered as the performance monitoring phrase as it is the end of the cycle and evaluation can take place. Every actor in this IPO can evaluate their performance whether it be the BA reviewing their management on the project or the animators evaluating their programming performance. The client can also send in a rating and review. Process of Client Transaction Inputs Process Output Clients Gathering the needs of clients. Completed animation packaged and sent to client A professional website that showcases the artwork of various artists and animators. Features in the website include: A scroller for potential clients to browse through multiple artwork, Links to artists biographies and descriptions of work, A communication feature that allows clients to engage with owners on possible animation projects. Refining and adding on to the wants of a client and to construct a plan that will address the needs and concerns of the client. If the client does not have an exact vision of what they want but only an idea of it.. The owner must work with the animators using the clients ideas and feedback to create a prototype of an animation that addresses the clients needs, which is then presented to them for approval. Client has received the animation and has possibly given the business a rating. Satisfied client. The clients ideas, needs, feedback and concerns. Relaying and sharing ideas to an animator to create a plan for the end product Sale made, Revenue received. Animators and open source software. Animators uses plan to create a prototype which is presented to the client, if approved then the prototype is made into the final animation product ready for delivery. Transaction finished. IPO Regarding the Completed Website Inputs (Website ideas) Process Output Blog Link to other pages Allow viewer to move around the website Show latest blog (daily update) Functioning homepage that allows the user to move freely through the Asmaray Animations Website Catalogue of curated works Create database that house work Sorting system (Defining) Webpage that allows users to search and view curated works Links to artists biographies Collate artists own websites Have a page that facilitates both artists biographies as well as work Exposure for artists Webpage that allows users to find info about artists and their work Link to descriptions of works Share page with biographies Registration page Require login and password Include human checker in order to verify userSend information to user database Registration page that is secure for the users, and is non-intrusive Collaborative space Site generated per user Allow larger bandwidth for user uploads File sharing software for ease of use Space that allows file sharing between the client and artists Payment page Allow server to communicate with PayPal. Encryption program for critical data. Functioning payment page and system The IPO chart above shows provides a broken-down look into the processes needed for the website that the company has envisioned. It utilises the inputs or ideas of Armasay Animations to have a framework of what the website needs to have and what are the expected end results a fully realised and functioning website that allows clients to browse and find artists and animators that are suitable for the job required. By focusing solely on the website, the IPO chart, it has more room to go into depth into certain functions of the website itself. As such the inputs as stated before are the ideas taken from the company all of which are what they want to see in their website. The processes outline what each aspect of the website needs and how it can be customised in such a way to bring a unique feeling to the companys website. For example, providing more depth into things like bandwidth allocation for some parts of the website as they need to hold embedded videos and images showcasing the artists work. The last stage is the outputs as such it would be the completed parts of the website, which in turn should be made in such a way where in the end everything links together, and should function as intended. The finished product can then be viewed by the client and give feedback on if it meets their expectations and if anything needs to be changed. Task 2 Use Case The following Use Case shows the process   of finalizing an animation project. Expanded Use Case Detailed Version: Name: Actors: Clients, Owners Artists (Initiators) Purposes: To finalise the clients animation through client feedback and the subsequent phases of the project being carried out by the owners and artists. Type: Abstract Importance: Primary Technical Difficulty: Medium Pre-conditions: Clients and artists have access to collaborative space Draft (Pilot Phase) is placed in the collaborative space. Advance of 15% for pilot phase has been paid by client. Advanced has been received by owners / business. Assumptions: Client is contented and happy with the pilot phase of the product. Cross-Reference: Client Registration Client Animation Order Designing Process Client Payment Of Project Actors Action System Response 1. Owners Artists commence the second phase of the project. 2. Artists involved, apply client feedback to the animation. 3. System recognises alterations on draft and saves all the changes. 4. System alerts client through an email notification, that changes have been made. 5. Clients leave a comment providing feedback on the draft. 6. System recognises notes or comments, left by the client. 7. System alerts artists about client feedback. 8. Artists apply required or final changes. 9. Artists proceeds to the final editing phase. 10. System recognises final editing phase and saves all of the changes. 11. Owners Artists uploads audio in .wav format into animation. 12. System applies audio into the animation and generates it into a final draft format. 13. System notifies clients that the final alterations have been made. 12. Clients notifies Owners that theyre happy with the final product. 14. System recognises Clients response. 15. System proceeds to packaging final product after confirmation of payment. Alternative Courses: 5. System sends another alert to client to confirm changes made to the Project. If no confirmation is received, system then ceases further project work until Client responds.   If client does not respond then within the required amount of time, project is then terminated. 8. If Clients are still not happy with the changes, System alerts the Artists again to make changes. 11. If Audio format isnt recognised, upload a asnd audio format instead. Uploading If uploading process was interrupted by an internet disruption (e.g. internet dying), restart the whole uploading process. If file cant be uploaded due to file size, import it through youtube or vimeo first then link it to the website. 12. If Clients are not happy with the final product, System proceeds to alerting Artists and go back the editing stage in the system. 15. If final payment is not received by Client, system, alerts Client again for payment to proceed. If no payment is processed system, then suspends Project. Use Case Diagram This following use case diagram illustrates the overall current process of developing the animation. This process involves both owners, artists and clients cooperation, as both have to not only communicate what is needed to be done but to also work collaboratively. After organising the needs and requirements, as well as the artists who is right for the job, the first phase of the project is started. Together clients and the artists work together in a collaborative space where clients can give feedback and artists can edit or change what is necessary. After the first phase is done, the clients have to pay 15% advanced before the artists proceed to the next stage. The following stage is just the same as before, working collaboratively to finish the project with the designs and audio approved by the clients. Once the final project is approved by the clients, a payment of the remaining 85% is made before the animation is packaged for the client. Task 3 Coordination of Group and Meetings Project Team Minutes Sprint 1 Project team Name: J.K.M.T Meeting date: 14/03/2017 Meeting place: RMIT building 80 Meeting chair: Mariana Minute taker: Mariana Present: All team members present Report on activities Went through the sprint and assigned tasks amongst team members. Mariana is first Scrum leader Group split up into groups to complete each task. Jake and Tim: Task 1 Kim and Mariana: Task 2 Discussed what each team would do Created a google drive and a Facebook page to share documents and correspond Started question list to send to owners in regards to Sprint 1 Teams started working on tasks Agreed to next meeting Booked study room for meeting 20/07/2017 Action list for Next week Action items Person responsible Each team work on task Send email to owners with questions (before Friday 17/03/2017) Attend meeting on 20/03 Email Clients about specifications of Sprint All team members Kim Project Team Minutes Sprint 1 Project team Name: J.K.M.T Meeting date: 20/03/2017 Meeting place: RMIT building 80.10.004 Meeting chair: Mariana Minute taker: Mariana Present: Kim, Mariana Report on activities Went through what each group did for each task Made recommendations and adjustments according to client specifications. Worked on USE CASE and made final editing Messaged other team members in regards to tasks that need to be completed Arranged a meeting for Tuesday 21/03/17 to finalized the Sprint   Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   -Meeting in: 80.11.004 at 9:30am Action list for Next week Action items Person responsible Finalize sections of each task and upload to DRIVE Start final draft, logo and final touches on USE CASE Email Client in regards to questions about USE CASE Task 3 All team members Kim and Mariana Kim Mariana Project Team Minutes Sprint 1 Project team Name: J.K.M.T Meeting date: 21/03/2017 Meeting place: RMIT building 80.11.004 Meeting chair: Mariana Minute taker: Mariana Present: Kim, Mariana Report on activities Finalised Sprint to present to Client Action list for Next week Action items Person responsible Prepare for Sprint 2 Arrange meeting time in tutorial for next Sprint All team members Project Plan Task 1: describe 2-3 processes using IPO Select one process and outline its steps. Indicate the steps in which decision-making or performance-monitoring are taking place Jake and Tim 21/03/17 21/03/17 Task 2: Use Cases a. Describe an expanded use case for one of the Actors b. Draw a use case diagram for that Actor Kim and Mariana 21/03/2017 20/03/17 Task 3: Scrum Team management and coordination Final draft of sprint Mariana 21/03/17 21/03/17 Sprint 1

Same Sex Marriage Essay -- Homosexuality, argumentative, persuasive

Many years ago one may have thought that marriage was just between a man and a woman but today that is not always the case. People of this era have now begun to exploring a new aspect of marriage, same sex marriage. Should two people of the same sex be allowed to marry? Throughout the years same sex couples have been pursuing the same rights as heterosexual couples. Since the 1970s homosexual couples have been trying climb this social ladder and gain their civil rights. They have been seeking the government recognition as a domestic partnership since the 1980’s. it wasn’t until the late 1990s when the state of California legalized domestic partnership but very few followed. This allowed extended rights to couples that weren’t married. But the couples’ partnership was only recognized in the state in which they were married. Gay and lesbian couples then began to seek recognition from the government through civil union. Even though it was still only recognized in the state in which the union was performed, civil union gave the unmarried couples even more extended rights. This was first passed by Vermont 2000 and yet again only a few followed. Homosexuals still felt that even though domestic partnerships and civil unions were major break troughs they were not marriage. Neither of domestic partnership nor civil union would have even contributed to the court cases of the Estate of Cooper and Dean v. District of Columbia. In the Estate of Cooper case of 1993, Cooper died and left his belongings to his ex-spouse. His present spouse sued hoping to inherit his belongings as a â€Å"surviving spouse†. The court denied his case and stated that a â€Å"surviving spouse† is considered only as a lawfully recognized husband or wife. In 1995, in the ... ...r marriage to be between one man and one woman, not between two men or two women. Same sex marriage is nothing but detestation. â€Å"If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: They shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. Letiviticus 20:13† Works Cited http://www.equalitymaine.org/marriage-civil-unions-and-domestic-partnerships-comparison http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0922609.html http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/wills-trusts-estates/wills-trusts-estates-keyed-to-dobris/estate-and-trust-administration/in-re-estate-of-cooper-2/ http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=16430 http://www.mit.edu/~thistle/v13/3/marriage.html http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/dstd/Press_Releases/STDGay2000.htm http://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/18/more-legal-maneuvering-in-dont-ask-dont-tell-repeal/

Island Of The Blue Dolphins :: essays research papers

Island of the Blue Dolphins by Scott O’Dell In the Pacific there is an island shaped like a big fish sunning itself in the sea. Around it, blue dolphins swim, otters play, and sea elephant and birds abound. A young Indian girl lives and waits for her people to return for her, from the land to the east. Karana with her long black hair and her dark skin, held her own on an island after her people had left for a new place. She was sure they would come back the next spring, but after two springs she learned to live on her own. I really admire her strength and her will power. She faces so many different adventures that you can relate to your life in a different fashion. Living on your own brings in many new ideas and adventures. Karana has many hard decisions to make, when she has to decided to go with childhood teaching or fending for herself. " I wonder what would happen to me if I went against the law of our tribe which forbade the making of weapons by women†¦ would the four winds blow in from the four directions of the world and smother me as I made the weapons? Or would the earth tremble, as many said, and bury me beneath its falling rocks?" The choice to build weapons saves her life and brings her a wonderful friend. "He stood facing me, his front legs spread as if he was ready to spring. The arrow struck him in the chest." This dog had been her enemy he killed her brother and she had vowed revenge on him she had gotten what she wanted, yet she had not killed the dog just wounded him. "Why I did not send the arrow I cannot say. I stood on the rock with the bow pulled back and my hand would not let it go. The big dog lay there and did not move and this may be the reason. If he would have gotten up I would have killed him. I stood there for a long time looking down at him and then I climbed off the rocks and picked him up." This dog became her friend and he salvation. It must have been lonely and she made many friends, otters, she had birds anything to keep her busy. Each spring she hoped that her people would return and take her to the far off land which they had left for.

Medieval Torture Paper

People have these romantic notions that the medieval time period was full of knights in shining armor and fairytale princesses, when in all reality, the medieval time period was a bloodthirsty and violent time period. Government and religious officials used sadistic torture to punish suspects and obtain confessions. Torture is the deliberate and cruel infliction of mental and physical suffering to obtain information or for any other reason. †The oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear† ( Lovecraft). The tools and devices used brought extreme pain to the victim.This cruel infliction of mental and physical suffering was said to be done in the name of crime and its deserved punishment. It was also done as a means to intimidate a suspect or for revenge. The laws of this time period did not have any fixed rules for the treatment of prisoners or suspects. The different types of torture were used depending on the victim’s crime and social status. The government tu rned its back on these practices, which lead to the creation of gory torture chambers because of the misuse of freedom.In bigger cities like London, crime was more harshly enforced. A skilled torturer used instruments, methods and devices to prolong life as long as they could, while inflicting the most pain before they executed the victim. Many castles had torture chambers in the dungeon or in the tallest tower, where they can torture many victims at once. Medieval tortures had two types of devices. Devices they used to torture victims and devices they used to execute victims. Torture chambers of the medieval time period are designed to scare the victims.These chambers are built underground or in the tallest tower of the castle. When the victim enters the chamber, there awaits the torturer wearing a black hood with their face covered. The entrance of these chambers were accessed through winding passages, which served the function of muffling the screams of the victims throughout the rest of the castle. The torture chambers are small, usually eleven feet by seven feet. Most of the chambers were dingy, vermin infested and dimly lit.Tortures could hold ten to twenty victims in the room at once and would never clean the blood or flesh, so victims would suffer from diseases and viruses. Physical torture is the most common type of torture during the medieval time period. They created many types of torture devices that they would use on their victims to obtain confessions. Their method of torture depended on the victims crime and social class. â€Å"What strikes us most in considering the mediaeval tortures is not so much their diabolical barbarity †¦ as the extraordinary variety, and what may be termed the artistic skill, they displayed.They represent a condition of thought in which men had pondered long and carefully on all the forms of suffering, had compared and combined the different kinds of torture, till they had become the most consummate masters of the ir art, had expended on the subject all the resources of the utmost ingenuity, and had pursued it with the ardour of a passion† (Parry). During this time period there were no laws that stated how prisoners or suspects should be treated, so people of this time period decided torture was the best.The government knew of these practices and turned their backs to them, which lead to the creation of gory torture devices. They created two different types of devices, ones they used for torture and ones they used for execution. These torture devices were feared among the people because they didn’t want to be the torturers next victims. Some of the most gruesome and feared devices that were created were the judas cradle, brazen bull, the wheel, the stake, the rack, pear of anguish, and the breast ripper.The judas cradle was a terrible medieval torture device. The victims were placed on top of a pyramid-like seat. The victim was usually naked to increase the humiliation and had th eir feet tied together. The tip of the pyramid was placed into the victims anus or vagina. This torture could last between a couple hours to a couple days. The time it took for a victim to die varied from victim to victim. To speed up the dying process, tortures would add weights to the victims legs or they would put oil on the device.Some torturers tried to speed up the process where as others tried to prolong the process as much as possible. Some tortures would lift the victim off the device at night with ropes and continue the torture in the morning. To obtain vital information from a victim, or if a victim refused to talk, the torturer would rock the victim on the pyramid, or make the victim fall repeatedly. The pyramid was never washed, so if the victim did not die quickly enough, or if the torture was interrupted, they would end up dying from and infection.The brazen bull was a hollow statue made out of brass to look like a bull. First the victims tongue would be cut out, then they were placed in the hollow statue. After the door was shut, a fire would be lit around the bull. The movements and screams made the bull seem alive, which brought amusement to the audience and took away from the fact that a person was being burned alive inside the bull, because the people could not see or hear the victim. Legends say that the brazen bull was made by a Greek named Perillus. He made it for a tyrant.Expecting a reward, Perillus was the first person put into the bull. The wheel was one of the most adaptable torture devices the medieval time period used. Earlier torturers would tie victims to a wheel and send them rolling down a rocky hill side. Through the medieval time period torture devices became more elaborate. Torturers mounted the wheel to a frame so it could spin freely. They would tie the victim to the wheel and place fire under the victim or spikes to rip the victims flesh to shreds. The wheel itself could have spikes on it so pain came from all the differ ent sides.The worst torture by the wheel was when the torturers broke all four of the victims limbs and threaded them through the spokes on the wheel. The wheel would be attached to a tall pole and left outside. â€Å"The rack is commonly considered the most painful form of medieval torture† (Medievality). The rack was a wooden frame with two ropes tied at the bottom and two tied into a handle at the top. Using a handle that pulled the ropes, the torturer pulled the victims arms. After so long of the victim being pulled, the victims bones were dislocated.If the torturer kept pulling, the victims limbs could be torn apart. This method was mostly used for obtaining confessions, but it was also used to bring psychological fear to the victims. If a torturer went too far, they could leave the arms and legs useless. As the medieval period advanced the rack was also advanced. Spikes were put on the wood frame to penetrate the victims back as their limbs were being pulled apart. Bein g burned at the stake was the last stop for the tortured victims, because this torture was always fatal.All torturers had to do was make a pile of dry wood with a stake in the middle to tie the victim to, then light the wood. Most of the time it only took thirty minutes for the victim to lose consciousness, unless it was windy, then the victim could endure up to two hours of being burned alive. Before being burned at the stake, victims were tortured using other devices. Being burned at the stake was a public event where people brought their kids to watch, hoping to put fear in their minds, so that they wouldn’t grow up and break the law. Torturers had special practices they used on women.Women only torturers were designed to destroy and mutilate aspects of femininity. The practice of sexually torturing women can be traced back to the roman times. â€Å"Female victims were given to soldiers to be raped, or sent to brothels. They might be tied up or paraded through public stre ets naked. These public humiliations were sometimes followed by bizarre sexual mutilations† (Grabianowski). Torturers were fixated on womens breasts. They would burn, brand and amputate them. The worst device used on a woman was the breast ripper. The breast ripper was a metal claw that pierced the skin of the breasts.The victim would be tied to the wall and the claw would pull the breast away from the body, shredding them. This method was used as an interrogation practice or it would be used to punish women that had children without being married and or were convicted of hearsay, adultery or an accomplice of another crime. The pear of anguish of anguish was a torture device that was worse than the breast ripper. This torture device was a pear shaped device made up of four metal leaves joined by a hinge at the top along with a key or a crank. The pear could be inserted into the anus, vagina or the mouth.When the torturer turns the key, the pears leaves open up causing internal damage. The orifice that received the pear was symbolic. If the victim received the oral pear they were convicted of hearsay. Anal pears were received by homosexuals and the vaginal pear was received by women. Tortures not only use physical torture, they also use psychological torture. Psychological torture uses non-physical methods of torture. Psychological torture of the medieval time period is not as well known as the physical torture the tortures inflict on their victims.Psychological torture is subtle and easier to conceal than physical torture. This type of torture uses extreme stressors and situations, like shunning, mock execution, violation of sexual or social norms and solitary confinement. Psychological torture can induce severe psychological pain, suffering and trauma with no visible effects. Tortures often use physical and psychological torture in combination, to make the effects more terrifying. If the victims survived the hours, even days of torture and weren’ t put to execution, they suffered lasting physical and psychological effects.All the devices and torture tactics used in the medieval period left the victims permanently disfigured, mutilated and crippled. â€Å"Prolonged confinement in a scavenger’s daughter would render the victim permanently unable to stand up† (medievalwarefare). The torture brought immediate pain, but just because the torture stopped, doesn’t mean the pain stopped unless the victim were put to execution. Victims of torture would suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder with symptoms such as flashbacks, intrusive thoughts, anxiety, insomnia, nightmares, depression and memory lapses.Victims also feel emotions like quilt and shame brought on by the humiliation they have endured. Victims may also feel betrayed not only by themselves but by their family and friends. Not only do victims suffer from psychological effects, they also have physical effects that go along with their torture. Physical effects can be wide ranging. They can suffer from sexually transmitted diseases, musculo-skeletal problems, brain injury, dementia and chronic pain syndromes. The medieval time period was a blood thirsty and violent period.They created numerous torture devices that they used on victims to obtain confessions. They also created torture chambers that were used to add psychological harm to the victim before they were tortured and then executed, depending on their crime and social class. They used psychological torture and physical torture like the judas cradle and the rack. If the victim was spared or wasn’t killed by being tortured, they ended up with lasting mental and physical problems. They were left permanently disfigured, mutilated and crippled and also ended up with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Cult of Domesticity Essay

Women faced many restrictions during the 1800’s based solely on their gender. The Cult of Domesticity served as a basic guide that explained the appropriate ways women of this time period were expected to act. It essentially laid out four proper characteristics women had to portray: piety, purity, domesticity, and submissiveness. Many authors captured the difficulties in a woman’s life with having to deal with such strict expectations in their writing. These included Emily Dickinson with her poems â€Å"I felt a funeral in my brain†, â€Å"This is my letter to the World†, and â€Å"These are the days when the Birds come back†, Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†. These pieces of literature proved women’s struggle to live with the pressures of the Cult of Domesticity, and society itself. Emily Dickinson herself was a very odd, secluded woman and that expressed her thoughts through her poems. In â€Å"I felt a funeral in my brain†, Dickinson writes â€Å"And I and silence some strange race/ wrecked, solitary, here† (15-16). This is a prime example of the solidarity that held her captive and caused her descent into madness. Her poem is a cry out for help, but being the submissive woman she was supposed to be, she hid away her feelings while still acting weak and inferior. Another example of submissiveness can be taken from her poem â€Å"This is my letter to the World†. It starts off â€Å"This is my letter to the world/ That never wrote to Me† (Dickinson 1-2). She is again crying out against the unfairness that the â€Å"world† never wrote to her, or acknowledged her because of her sex. As a woman she was constantly in the shadow of a man and therefore did not matter. From â€Å"These are the days when the Birds come back†, Dickinson wrote â€Å"Thy consecrated bread to take/ and thine immortal wine! † (17-18). Her allusion to the Holy Sacrament of the Eucharist enforces piety. Women needed to always act as the â€Å"handmaidens of God†, to repent for the sins of Eve in the Old Testament. Religion was a big enforcer of a woman’s quiet way of life and acted as something to occupy their time at home with. Emily Dickinson’s struggle with society’s expectations is greatly shown through her poetry. Dickinson’s many poems were great in number, but creates only one part of the perspective from a woman about the Cult of Domesticity. In Kate Chopin’s â€Å"Story of an Hour†, young Mrs. Brently Mallard discovers the news of her husband’s death. Once the shock and grief wear off, she comes to an important realization. â€Å"’Free! Body and soul free! ’†(Chopin 2). Louise finally is free, without her husband’s name bearing down on her and out of the clutches of domesticity. She no longer needs to act like the perfect wife at home, constantly taking care of the house and looking after her husband’s every need. She can live for herself like she always wanted. â€Å"There would be no powerful will bending hers† (Chopin 2), and she would no longer be the victim of submissiveness. Her husband no longer had the superior power, which all men were granted at the time of birth, to control and dictate her every move to the point where she was just like a small child that needed guidance and direction. But, in the end her joy is all for naught. Brently is not dead. And Mrs. Mallard, when receiving the news of his return, â€Å"die[s] of heart disease† (Chopin 2). The thought of being pushed into that submissive state of being that she had just escaped from ultimately caused her premature death. Chopin’s character Louise was a lot like the narrator of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† in regards to their relationship with overpowering husbands. â€Å"John laughs at me of course, but one expects that in a marriage† (Gilman 1). The narrator acts with submissiveness as she accepts that she is inferior to her husband, he is always right, and she is just the silly woman. She feels she must take his lead and constantly follow because that is how society wants her to feel. Her opinion does not matter at all, and she even states outright â€Å"I don’t like our room a bit† (Gilman 2). She detests the room, with its ugly, yellow wallpaper and barred windows, but since her husband says it is the best place for her she just, once again, accepts it and does not say another word on the subject. The room she would like to sleep in was prettier and airier. But John said that â€Å"there was only one window and not room for two beds† (Gilman 2). This not only reinforces her submissiveness, but also her purity as a woman. The narrator, though married and a mother, sleeps in a different bed from her husband. This is not to keep her â€Å"gift† safe anymore, but to keep from tempting him and to guarantee the rest she needs to recover from her anxiety. Emily Dickinson, Kate Chopin, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman were all talented writers and advocates in their own ways for the struggles of women with the Cult of Domesticity in the 1800’s. Each accomplished a way to present a light into the minds of the women who were being suffocated by the men’s superiority. Emily Dickinson created poems full of solemn and even remorseful moods that mirrored depression and repression that women felt because of society’s expectations. Kate Chopin and Charlotte Perkins Gilman created characters that not only used the same suffocating repression, but empowered their women by taking the men out of the equation. Only then were their characters given a chance; Louise without Brently and a small taste of freedom, and the narrator’s ability to finally â€Å"creep† along the room in peace when John faints. The Cult of Domesticity was a cause for women’s repression but also their strength and growing stand to the unfairness of the treatment they were being dealt for so long.

Establish a Cooperative Socio Moral Atmosphere Essay

Reflections on Readings and Class Discussion: After reading the two articles, connecting them to the socio moral principle in a statement would be; for a child to have an established cooperative socio moral atmosphere, they need to be given the opportunity and resources in a safe environment to build and create as well as be taught positive social skills, and acquire a genuine and heart felt way to show their respect. First day of kindergarten video: The teacher did not have a classroom type D, she was very in tune with her authority over the children in the way she often told them what to do and how to do it. For example, she called the children’s attention to take roll and told the children specifically hands in your lap, eyes on me, say here when I call your name. Some children listen better while they are playing or their hands are busy which this teacher’s classroom would not take into account. Another example would be there was a teacher’s assistant who was just doing a child’s work for them, rather than helping them do it themselves. Creating Classroom Rules Video: this video was the very opposite of the first video. The teacher engaged the students and wanted their opinions and thoughts about what the classroom rules should be, but at the same time she was facilitating and not telling any child they were wrong, instead she put some ideas into new phrasing for it to make more sense. Also, the example in class about church in a heteronomous vs. autonomous relationships explains well how those who have come to see church how their parents did and it became a part of them continued to go, on the other hand those who went because they had to or did so to make their parents happy did not find a connection with what they learned and when they lived on their own decided to not go anymore. Evidenced in the CDLL Classroom Blogs: 10/24/12 The Maple room was busy as usual. Real pieces of wood and nails were new this week and the children showed quite an interest! They took turns hammering the nails into the wood and then prying them back out. The children also used materials from the Maple room to construct train tracks! In the Pine room, a continuing theme was working at a restaurant. Children and teachers sat at the table while children took orders. The orders were placed and they began to cook the meals. Some of the â€Å"daily specials† included pizza with onions, mushrooms and cucumbers, soup, hamburgers and root beer. All of the children worked together to make the restaurant run smoothly!! Evidence in CDLL Daily Documentation: 10/3/12 After our discussion, I had a table set up with measuring cups and spoons, bowls, dry and wet ingredients, leveling sticks and spoons for stirring.